Production of nitric monoxide in dry air using pulsed discharge

Namihira, T.; Tsukamoto, S.; Wang, D.; Katsuki, S.; Akiyama, H.; Hackam, R.; Okamoto, Kazufumi

doi:10.1109/ppc.1999.823768

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With rapid advancement in the understanding of plasma reaction kinetics due to advanced measurement techniques, a good deal of research on plasma nitrogen-fixation has been published by a number of research groups [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Plasma atmospheric nitrogen fixation into nitric oxide has been studied and reported for lab scale processes using air plasma [40,43,46,47], from N 2 -O 2 mixture [37,38,45,48], and in argon; argon-nitrogen and nitrogen plasma [41,48,49]. All these efforts in plasma nitric oxide synthesis are analyzed and reported in following sections, divided in 3 groups: types of plasma reactors, use of catalyst, and improving heat transfer.…”

Section: Microwave Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 summarizes the literature reported for plasma NO synthesis with respect to type of plasma, reactor configurations, power source employed, and the main results in terms of % nitrogen fixed. The main plasma types investigated are electric arc of B-E process [27,50], Radio frequency discharges [51][52][53][54], DC discharges [55][56][57][58], lasers [59,60], microwave discharges [61,62], microwave with electron cyclone resonance discharges [63], glow discharges [64], dielectric discharges [65], Inductively coupled HF discharges [37,45], and Pulsed arc discharges [46,47]. Various configurations of plasma reactors were reported such as Electric arc with expanding reactor geometry [66], reactor with rotating disk [42,43], DC plasma jet [44,58], and setting up different E/P ratio [67].…”

Section: Microwave Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma N2-fixation: 1900–2014

et al. 2015

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Section: Microwave Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microwave Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma N2-fixation: 1900–2014

et al. 2015

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“…The trigger pulse circuit consisted of a capacitor (0.22 F), a thyristor and a pulse transformer (1 : 200, HFT1009, Sanyo, Japan). This reactor was made simpler and smaller than that used previously [7], [8]. The outer diameter and the length of the reactor were 60 and 100 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An on-site generation of NO where it is used would be very desirable. In the present paper, the characteristics of a laboratory system for the production of NO which incorporates improvements to the design of the previous discharge reactor [7], [8] is reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of nitric oxide using a pulsed arc discharge

Namihira

Katsuki

Hackam

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Nitric monoxide (NO) is increasingly being used in medical applications. Currently, a gas cylinder of N 2 mixed with a high concentration of NO is used. This arrangement is potentially risky due to the possibility of accidental leak of NO from the cylinder. The presence of NO in air leads to the formation of nitric dioxide (NO 2 ), which is toxic to the lungs. Therefore, an on-site generation of NO would be very desirable for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and other related illnesses.We have recently reported on the production of NO using a pulsed arc discharge. In the present work, the discharge reactor was made simpler and smaller. NO was generated using a pulsed arc discharge in dry air and in mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen. The composition of the gas mixture after treatment with an arc discharge followed by exposure to heated molybdenum was 540 ppm of NO, 48 ppm of NO 2 , and the balance dry air at 0.1 MPa and 300 3 K. No ozone was detected at the outlet of the system by UV absorption. The density of the brass particles emitted from the electrodes, which had diameters over 0.3 m, was less than 1.39 g/L. A filter could readily capture and thus remove the brass particles.Index Terms-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), molybdenum converter, nitric oxide, pulsed arc discharge, pulsed power.

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“…Several methods have been used to produce NO for biomedical purposes, including chemical methods preparing NO from N 2 O 4 (11), as well as various electrical systems including pulsed arc (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), gliding arc (17), dielectric barrier (18,19), microwave (20), corona (21), radio frequency-induced coupled discharge (22), and nonthermal atmospheric pressure high-frequency plasma discharge (23,24). However, these methods produce large amounts of NO 2 and ozone (O 3 ) as toxic byproducts, requiring complex purification systems (12-14, 16, 23, 25, 26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing nitric oxide by pulsed electrical discharge in air for portable inhalation therapy

Muenster

Blaesi

et al. 2015

Sci. Transl. Med.

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Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) produces selective pulmonary vasodilation and is an effective therapy for treating pulmonary hypertension in adults and children. In the United States, the average cost of 5 days of inhaled NO for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is about $14,000. NO therapy involves gas cylinders and distribution, a complex delivery device, gas monitoring and calibration equipment, and a trained respiratory therapy staff. The objective of this study was to develop a lightweight, portable device to serve as a simple and economical method of producing pure NO from air for bedside or portable use. Two NO generators were designed and tested: an offline NO generator and an inline NO generator placed directly within the inspiratory line. Both generators use pulsed electrical discharges to produce therapeutic range NO (5 to 80 parts per million) at gas flow rates of 0.5 to 5 liters/min. NO was produced from air, as well as gas mixtures containing up to 90% O2 and 10% N2. Potentially toxic gases produced in the plasma, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), were removed using a calcium hydroxide scavenger. An iridium spark electrode produced the lowest ratio of NO2/NO. In lambs with acute pulmonary hypertension, breathing electrically generated NO produced pulmonary vasodilation and reduced pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index. In conclusion, electrical plasma NO generation produces therapeutic levels of NO from air. After scavenging to remove NO2 and O3 and filtration to remove particles, electrically produced NO can provide safe and effective treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

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Production of nitric monoxide in dry air using pulsed discharge

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Plasma N2-fixation: 1900–2014

Plasma N2-fixation: 1900–2014

Production of nitric oxide using a pulsed arc discharge

Producing nitric oxide by pulsed electrical discharge in air for portable inhalation therapy

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