Production of nitric oxide using a pulsed arc discharge

Namihira, T.; Katsuki, S.; Hackam, R.; Akiyama, H.; Okamoto, Kazufumi

doi:10.1109/tps.2002.807502

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More recent examples of thermal plasma NF on the laboratory scale demonstrated higher energy consumption ranging from 10 to 1000 MJ/mol [46][47][48][49]. A combination of thermal plasma and catalysis was patented by O`Hare [50][51][52], and Amouroux and Cavadias [53] with the NF energy consumption was reported only for the second system (NiO/WO 3 catalyst) as being 4.7 MJ/mol HNO 3 [53].…”

Section: Thermal Plasma Nitrogen Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the existing and alternative methods for greener nitrogen fixation

Cherkasov

Ibhadon

Fitzpatrick

2015

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

383

345

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1723 357241 2 Graphical abstract Research Highlights All main nitrogen fixation methods were overviewed  Energy consumption of the methods were compared  The Haber-Bosch and non-thermal plasma processes are industrially promising  Metallocomplex nitrogen fixation is more energy intensive than the HaberBosch 3 AbstractThe conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into valuable substances such as fertilisers and fine chemicals is essential for agriculture and many other processes that sustain life on the planet. Although the Haber-Bosch process is the most important method of nitrogen fixation, the process is associated with major environmental concerns because it is very energy intensive and requires non-renewable feedstock to generate hydrogen. Hence, alternative ways of nitrogen fixation are being studied, from plasma synthesis and biological processes to metallocomplex catalysis, while existing methods are being improved using novel catalysts. This review covers all of the major areas of nitrogen fixation, discusses the industrial feasibility of each process, the reaction mechanisms, and provides a comparative evaluation of the various nitrogen fixation processes in terms of energy efficiency. Considering energy efficiency, the Haber-Bosch process and non-thermal plasma nitrogen fixation are promising methods for green industrial nitrogen fixation. Although metallocomplex nitrogen fixation takes place at ambient pressures, energy estimations show that this method does not provide higher energy efficiency than biological nitrogen fixation or the Haber-Bosch process. Biological nitrogen fixation on the other hand, has energy efficiency comparable to that of the Haber-Bosch process.

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Section: Thermal Plasma Nitrogen Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the existing and alternative methods for greener nitrogen fixation

Cherkasov

Ibhadon

Fitzpatrick

2015

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

383

345

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Zhao et al [26] described a critical oxygen concentration needed to produce nitrogen dioxide gas, instead of nitric oxide. Other investigations have used specific ratios of nitrogen and oxygen mixtures in their starting gaseous environment, which led to the intentional production of nitric oxide [27]. This concept was expanded upon leading to the proposal of a nitric oxide generator for therapeutic purposes [28].…”

Section: Plasma Spectra Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Properties and Applications of Nonthermal Plasma: A Novel Pulsed-Based Option

Ferrell¹,

Aleks²,

Galov³

et al. 2013

J Biotechnol Biomaterial

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The glow discharge from a novel spark-based nonthermal plasma generator is described and characterized using spectrophotometry, radiometry and gas detectors. Spectral information identified ultraviolet radiation within the plasma discharge. High levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogenous species were also detected within the analyzed plasma. The plasma discharge is found to have a significant germicidal effect on Gram-positive bacteria, independent of temperature increase. The ultraviolet radiation and ionized gaseous species are found to contribute to this observed effect, synergistically. Plasma filtration reduced germicidal survivability significantly. The liquid environment in which bacterial cells were exposed to the nonthermal plasma also was important, when determining the efficacy of nonthermal plasma, as a germicidal agent. Staphylococcus aureus cultures exposed to nonthermal plasma for two minutes within low nutrient sources, such as water or phosphate-buffered saline, had very low survival. Cultures exposed to the same plasma interval in nutrient rich liquids tolerated the plasma exposure better, and survived at higher numbers. This plasma discharge is highly bactericidal, due to the high concentrations of known antimicrobial agents, but its effectiveness is subject to a synergistic effect, that depends upon the surrounding environment.

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“…The effect of varying air pressure on the production of NO and NO 2 Varying atmospheric pressure also changes NO and NO 2 production (14). However, it is not clear whether altering atmospheric pressure will selectively affect NO or NO 2 production (that is, the ratio of NO 2 /NO may vary).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing nitric oxide by pulsed electrical discharge in air for portable inhalation therapy

Muenster

Blaesi

et al. 2015

Sci. Transl. Med.

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Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) produces selective pulmonary vasodilation and is an effective therapy for treating pulmonary hypertension in adults and children. In the United States, the average cost of 5 days of inhaled NO for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is about $14,000. NO therapy involves gas cylinders and distribution, a complex delivery device, gas monitoring and calibration equipment, and a trained respiratory therapy staff. The objective of this study was to develop a lightweight, portable device to serve as a simple and economical method of producing pure NO from air for bedside or portable use. Two NO generators were designed and tested: an offline NO generator and an inline NO generator placed directly within the inspiratory line. Both generators use pulsed electrical discharges to produce therapeutic range NO (5 to 80 parts per million) at gas flow rates of 0.5 to 5 liters/min. NO was produced from air, as well as gas mixtures containing up to 90% O2 and 10% N2. Potentially toxic gases produced in the plasma, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), were removed using a calcium hydroxide scavenger. An iridium spark electrode produced the lowest ratio of NO2/NO. In lambs with acute pulmonary hypertension, breathing electrically generated NO produced pulmonary vasodilation and reduced pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index. In conclusion, electrical plasma NO generation produces therapeutic levels of NO from air. After scavenging to remove NO2 and O3 and filtration to remove particles, electrically produced NO can provide safe and effective treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

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Production of nitric oxide using a pulsed arc discharge

Cited by 64 publications

References 18 publications

A review of the existing and alternative methods for greener nitrogen fixation

A review of the existing and alternative methods for greener nitrogen fixation

Characterization, Properties and Applications of Nonthermal Plasma: A Novel Pulsed-Based Option

Producing nitric oxide by pulsed electrical discharge in air for portable inhalation therapy

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