Production of Lighter Hydrocarbons by Steam-Assisted Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil over Silane-Treated Beta Zeolite

Abstract

The surface of beta zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 150) was modified using triphenyl silane in a liquid phase, and a series of catalysts was applied in cracking of heavy oil in the presence of steam. Steam reduces the coke formation, but at the same time, zeolite catalysts may be degraded in an aqueous environment at high temperatures. This problem was overcome using the surface-modified zeolite catalyst. The silane treatment of the zeolite surface not only reduced the coke amount but also stabilized the catalyst by increasing the hydrophobicity of the external surface of zeolite. Moreover, an atmospheric residue, which was used as a heavy oil feedstock, effectively decomposed into a lighter hydrocarbon (gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil) over silane-treated beta zeolite. Different reaction times were evaluated for modified beta zeolite in steam-assisted catalytic cracking of the atmospheric residue. The yield of the lighter hydrocarbon (C7–C35) was increased significantly up to 50.4 mol % in the product stream over silane-treated catalysts after 2 h of reaction time, while the gasoline production was increased to 35.4 mol % compared to 30.9 mol % over a parent beta catalyst. This indicates an improvement on the stability of beta catalysts after silane treatment.

Effect of External Surface Diffusion Barriers on Platinum/Beta‐Catalyzed Isomerization of n‐Pentane

“…During the chemical liquid deposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), TEOS can react with bridging hydroxy groups (SiAlOH) primarily located in the pore mouth region, as TEOS (approx. 10.3 Å) is larger than the pore openings of zeolite Beta (7.6 Å×6.4 Å) [38] . This silylation reaction reduces the number of BAS.…”

Heavy Oil Upgrading in the Presence of Water

“…Помимо катализаторов на основе оксидов железа, промотированных ZrO 2 и другими моди- [126] и модифицированного β-цеолита [127]. В последнем случае при использовании кислотных катализаторов отмечалось повышен-ное содержание олефинов в жидких продуктах.…”

Nano BEA zeolite catalysts for the selective catalytic cracking of n-dodecane to light olefins

“…A BEA zeolite has been synthesized with different recipes under static conditions with the reaction temperature in the range of 150–170 °C and crystallization time of up to 96 h. 39,42–44 Also, post-modification techniques have been employed to change the BEA catalyst surface to maximize the product yield of the catalytic cracking reaction. The post-modification techniques that have been used include desilication, 38,44–46 dealumination, 6,15,44,47–50 or the combination of both, followed by ion-exchange with several metals.…”