The
surface of beta zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 150) was modified using triphenyl silane in a liquid phase,
and a series of catalysts was applied in cracking of heavy oil in
the presence of steam. Steam reduces the coke formation, but at the
same time, zeolite catalysts may be degraded in an aqueous environment
at high temperatures. This problem was overcome using the surface-modified
zeolite catalyst. The silane treatment of the zeolite surface not
only reduced the coke amount but also stabilized the catalyst by increasing
the hydrophobicity of the external surface of zeolite. Moreover, an
atmospheric residue, which was used as a heavy oil feedstock, effectively
decomposed into a lighter hydrocarbon (gasoline, kerosene, and gas
oil) over silane-treated beta zeolite. Different reaction times were
evaluated for modified beta zeolite in steam-assisted catalytic cracking
of the atmospheric residue. The yield of the lighter hydrocarbon (C7–C35) was increased significantly up to
50.4 mol % in the product stream over silane-treated catalysts after
2 h of reaction time, while the gasoline production was increased
to 35.4 mol % compared to 30.9 mol % over a parent beta catalyst.
This indicates an improvement on the stability of beta catalysts after
silane treatment.
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