Heavy Oil Upgrading in the Presence of Water

Hydrothermal upgrading of heavy oil in the presence of water at sub-critical, near-critical and supercritical conditions

“…In this process some certain temperature and pressure conditions are applied to break bonds (such as C-S, C-O and C-N bond) in heavy oils and to increase the content of saturates and lighter aromatics at the expense of high molecular weight compounds like resins and asphaltenes [9]. Recently, the upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen in the presence of water (using HTW conditions) has attracted a great attention [10]. Water at the hydrothermal conditions is considered as a promising and an environmentally permissible solvent, and can be used as a good medium for the upgrading and processing of not only heavy oils and bitumen [2,5,10], but also biomass resources such as microalgae [11], lignocellulosic biomasses [12], biofuels, and sewage sludge [13,14] to conduct their carbonization, gasification and liquefaction processes.…”

“…Recently, the upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen in the presence of water (using HTW conditions) has attracted a great attention [10]. Water at the hydrothermal conditions is considered as a promising and an environmentally permissible solvent, and can be used as a good medium for the upgrading and processing of not only heavy oils and bitumen [2,5,10], but also biomass resources such as microalgae [11], lignocellulosic biomasses [12], biofuels, and sewage sludge [13,14] to conduct their carbonization, gasification and liquefaction processes. Fig.…”

Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Donor for Catalytic Transformations of Tar

“…One of the actively developing areas combining the advantages of the thermal and hydrogenation refinement processes is catalytic vapor cracking of HOF [5][6][7]. In this process water acts as a hydrogen donor.…”

Investigation of the Properties of Semisynthetic Oils Obtained in the Presence of Dispersed Catalysts Based on Mo and Fe-Co in the Process of Catalytic Steam Cracking of Vacuum Residue

“…ВведениеВ связи с увеличением мировой потребности в моторных топливах существенно возрастает необходимость использования в нефтепереработке нетрадиционного тяжелого нефтяного сырья (ТНС), включающего в себя тяжелые нефти, природные битумы, тяжелые остаточные нефтяные фракции (гудрон, мазут), битуминозные пески и горючие сланцы. Традиционные подходы по переработке ТНС можно разделить на два типа: процессы, основанные на сниже-настоящее время одним из активно развиваемых направлений, которое совмещает преимущества термо-и гидрoпрoцеccов облагораживания, является каталитический паровой крекинг тяжелого нефтяного сырья[2,3]. В данном процессе вода выступает в качестве донора водорода, участие которого в процессе позволяет повысить выхoд cветлых фракций (н.к.…”