Production of iodine-124 and its applications in nuclear medicine

Braghirolli, Ana Maria Silveira; Waissmann, William; Silva, Juliana Batista da; Santos, Gonçalo Rodrigues dos

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.026

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The growing amount of radionuclides and radioactive wastes from various nuclear and medical fields is causing public concern due to their short- and long-term radiotoxic impact on nature1234. In particular, the anthropogenic radioiodine that has been released into nature for decades has become a key issue due to its global recycling567, which affects the worldwide ecosystem and human health89.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the anthropogenic radioiodine that has been released into nature for decades has become a key issue due to its global recycling567, which affects the worldwide ecosystem and human health89. Anthropogenic iodine radioisotopes mainly originate from human activities that are performed in the nuclear, industrial, and medical fields12389. The radioisotopes are damaging to human health because of their active participation in human metabolic processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microbial copper reduction method to scavenge anthropogenic radioiodine

Lee

Min

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Unexpected reactor accidents and radioisotope production and consumption have led to a continuous increase in the global-scale contamination of radionuclides. In particular, anthropogenic radioiodine has become critical due to its highly volatile mobilization and recycling in global environments, resulting in widespread, negative impact on nature. We report a novel biostimulant method to effectively scavenge radioiodine that exhibits remarkable selectivity for the highly difficult-to-capture radioiodine of >500-fold over other anions, even under circumneutral pH. We discovered a useful mechanism by which microbially reducible copper (i.e., Cu2+ to Cu+) acts as a strong binder for iodide-iodide anions to form a crystalline halide salt of CuI that is highly insoluble in wastewater. The biocatalytic crystallization of radioiodine is a promising way to remove radioiodine in a great capacity with robust growth momentum, further ensuring its long-term stability through nuclear I− fixation via microcrystal formation.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Microbial copper reduction method to scavenge anthropogenic radioiodine

Lee

Min

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…However, this has largely been replaced by the 124 Te(p,n) 124 I, which has the advantages of being produced by proton bombardment with incident beam energy of 11 or 14 MeV (based on the target composition), a feasible and indeed preferred method in most 16-18 MeV medical cyclotrons [5]. This results in a good target yield with high radionuclidic purity and low quantity of impurities like 123I and 125 I [6].…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To increase trapping efficiency, the tubes are usually primed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). 124 I settled on the walls of the tube can be recovered by washing with a weak buffer solution while recovery of target material ensures its reuse and economic sustainability [5,6].…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of iodine-124 positron emission tomography in molecular imaging

Mahajan

Divgi

2016

Clin Transl Imaging

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Radioactive iodine has been, in various forms, the mainstay of Nuclear Medicine. Iodine-123 is the most widely used iodine isotope for single photon imaging. Iodine-125 continues to be used in diverse applications from in vitro radioassay to in vivo estimation of various pathophysiologic correlates. Iodine-131 ( 131 I), useful for imaging as well as therapy, has contributed more than any other radionuclide to the growth and sustenance of Nuclear Medicine. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an indispensable tool in current clinical practice, spurred by the rapid and increasing availability of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo imaging. Most clinical PET imaging utilizes fluorine-18; there is a need for positron emitters with longer half-lives, suitable for imaging larger molecules of interest. Iodine-124 ( 124 I) has approximately 23 % positron emission; its 4-day half-life lends itself to sequential imaging, and its dosimetry is comparable to iodine-131. Iodine can be easily attached to a variety of molecules without alteration of physico-chemical or biologic properties. PET with 124 I-labeled molecules enables longitudinal in vivo assessment of their distribution; such pharmacokinetic and biodistribution information has considerable utility in oncologic and non-oncologic applications. We will provide a clinical perspective on the physical and chemical characteristics of 124 I, as the iodide, as well as radiolabeled to a wide variety of molecules of interest.Radioiodination is accomplished based on the chemical and biologic nature of the ligand to be studied, and issues of relevance will be highlighted. We will conclude by describing the current and potential future clinical applications of 124 I-based tracers used for molecular imaging in diagnosis and therapy.

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“…1), did exhibit high affinity and selectivity for σ 1 receptors in vitro, labeled the sites in mouse brain and periphery in vivo, and proved sensitive to in vivo competition by strong ligands [55–57] and by weak ligands, such as cocaine [58]. Extension to imaging by SPECT using I-123 or by PET using I-124 (t ½ 4.2 d; 511 keV, β + ) [59] may be possible.…”

Section: Sigma Receptors and Ligand Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactics for preclinical validation of receptor-binding radiotracers

Lever

Fan

Lever

2017

Nuclear Medicine and Biology

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Introduction Aspects of radiopharmaceutical development are illustrated through preclinical studies of [125I]-(E)-1-(2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([125I]-E-IA- BF-PE-PIPZE), a radioligand for sigma-1 (σ1) receptors, coupled with examples from the recent literature. Findings are compared to those previously observed for [125I]-(E)-1-(2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([125I]-E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE). Methods Syntheses of E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE and [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE were accomplished by standard methods. In vitro receptor binding studies and autoradiography were performed, and binding potential was predicted. Measurements of lipophilicity and protein binding were obtained. In vivo studies were conducted in mice to evaluate radioligand stability, as well as specific binding to σ1 sites in brain, brain regions and peripheral organs in the presence and absence of potential blockers. Results E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE exhibited high affinity and selectivity for σ1 receptors (Ki = 0.43 ± 0.03 nM, σ2 / σ1 = 173). [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE was prepared in good yield and purity, with high specific activity. Radioligand binding provided dissociation (koff) and association (kon) rate constants, along with a measured Kd of 0.24 ± 0.01 nM and Bmax of 472 ± 13 fmol / mg protein. The radioligand proved suitable for quantitative autoradiography in vitro using brain sections. Moderate lipophilicity, Log D7.4 2.69 ± 0.28, was determined, and protein binding was 71 ± 0.3%. In vivo, high initial whole brain uptake, > 6% injected dose / g, cleared slowly over 24 h. Specific binding represented 75% to 93% of total binding from 15 min to 24 h. Findings were confirmed and extended by regional brain biodistribution. Radiometabolites were not observed in brain (1%). Conclusions Substitution of dihydrobenzofuranylethyl for dimethoxyphenethyl increased radioligand affinity for σ1 receptors by 16-fold. While high specific binding to σ1 receptors was observed for both radioligands in vivo, [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE displayed much slower clearance kinetics than [125I]-E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE. Thus, minor structural modifications of σ1 receptor radioligands lead to major differences in binding properties in vitro and in vivo.

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Production of iodine-124 and its applications in nuclear medicine

Cited by 55 publications

References 103 publications

Microbial copper reduction method to scavenge anthropogenic radioiodine

Microbial copper reduction method to scavenge anthropogenic radioiodine

The role of iodine-124 positron emission tomography in molecular imaging

Tactics for preclinical validation of receptor-binding radiotracers

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