We hypothesized that kyphotic alignment change by posterior structural injury after cervical laminoplasty would be more marked in patients with high T1 slope, and demonstrated that patients with cervical myelopathy with high T1 slope had more kyphotic alignment changes after cervical laminoplasty at 2-year follow-up.

An understanding of the physics of the half-filled lowest Landau level has been achieved in terms of a Fermi sea of composite fermions, but the nature of the state at other even-denominator fractions has remained unclear. We investigate theoretically Landau level fillings of the form nu = (2n + 1)/(4n + 4), which correspond to composite-fermion fillings nu* = n + 1/2. By considering various plausible candidate states with complete spin polarization, we rule out the composite-fermion Fermi sea and paired composite-fermion state at these filling factors, and predict that the system phase separates into stripes of n and n + 1 filled Landau levels of composite fermions.

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc results in initial relative instability, hypermobility, and hypertrophy of the facet joints, particularly at the superior articular process. This finally leads to a reduction of the spinal canal dimensions and compression of the neural elements, which can result in neurogenic intermittent claudication caused by venous congestion and arterial hypertension around nerve roots. Most patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis had neurogenic intermittent claudication with the risk of a fall. However, although the physical findings and clinical symptoms in lumbar stenosis are not acute, the radiographic findings are comparatively severe. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive and good method for evaluation of lumbar stenosis. Though there are very few studies pertaining to the natural progression of lumbar spinal stenosis, symptoms of spinal stenosis usually respond favorably to non-operative management. In patients who fail to respond to non-operative management, surgical treatments such as decompression or decompression with spinal fusion are required. Restoration of a normal pelvic tilt after lumbar fusion correlates to a good clinical outcome.