Production of Fumaric Acid by Rhizopus arrhizus NRRL 1526: A Simple Production Medium and the Kinetic Modelling of the Bioprocess

Martín-Domínguez, Víctor; Cabrera, Paula I. Aleman; Eidt, Laslo; Pruesse, Ulf; Kuenz, Anja; Ladero, Miguel; Santos, Victoria E.

doi:10.3390/fermentation8020064

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarboxyclic acid with various industrial applications in the food industry as a food acidulant in beverages and baking powders, feedstock for the synthesis of polymeric resins, and renewable energy resources (Yang et al 2011). Fumaric acid is produced from glucose fermentation by the filamentous fungus Rhizopus arrhizus via a reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway (Pan et al 2016;Martin-Dominguez et al 2022) and had an estimated market value of USD 654.4 million in 2020 (Reportlinker 2022).…”

Section: Fungal Food Additives: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of fungi to the global economy

et al. 2023

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Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well as health and nutritional benefits, and are vital to numerous industries. Fermented food and beverage products from fungi are circulating in the market, generating billions of USD. However, the highest potential monetary value of fungi is their role in blue carbon trading because of their ability to sequester large amounts of carbon in the soil. There are no conclusive estimates available on the global monetary value of fungi, primarily because there are limited data for extrapolation. This study outlines the contribution of fungi to the global economy and provides a first attempt at quantifying the global monetary value of fungi. Our estimate of USD 54.57 trillion provides a starting point that can be analysed and improved, highlighting the significance of fungi and providing an appreciation of their value. This paper identifies the different economically valuable products and services provided by fungi. By giving a monetary value to all important fungal products, services, and industrial applications underscores their significance in biodiversity and conservation. Furthermore, if the value of fungi is well established, they will be considered in future policies for effective ecosystem management.

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Section: Fungal Food Additives: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of fungi to the global economy

et al. 2023

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“…As in previous studies [19,30], Rhizopus arrhizus NRRL 1526 was used for fumaric acid production. It was cultivated on agar plates with PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium.…”

Section: Microorganism and Stock Elaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production stage employed a common composition of micronutrients, optimised for production by Ling and Ng [32]: MgSO 4 × 7 H 2 O (0.4 g/L), ZnSO 4 × 7 H 2 O (0.044 g/L), KH 2 PO 4 (0.3 g/L), FeCl 3 × 6 H 2 O (0.0075 g/L) and finally CaCO 3 (35 g/L), used as pH controller and CO 2 supplier [30]. Sugars concentration has been set to resemble culture media to APH, after its analysis.…”

Section: Media and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nitrogen content, on different production media, was adapted from literature [30,32] to obtain nitrogen limiting conditions. Ammonium sulphate concentration was adjusted to have the same C:N ratio on the different experiments, having an ammonium sulphate concentration of 0.54 g/L for these media, which means 0.07 g/L of ammonia.…”

Section: Media and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living biomass have been quantified following the methodology defined in a previous study [30]. As indicated in this reference, the biomass concentration was related to nitrogen consumption by stoichiometry once the average molecular formula of the microorganism was established (CH 1.80 O 0.68 N 0.22 ).…”

Section: Biomass and Ammonium Tracingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumaric Acid Production by R. arrhizus NRRL 1526 Using Apple Pomace Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Kinetic Modelling

et al. 2022

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Fumaric acid is one of the most promising biorefinery platform chemicals, fruit residues being a very suitable raw material for its production in second generation biorefineries. In particular, apple pomace is a plentiful residue from the apple juice industry, with apple being the second largest fruit crop in the world, with a production that increased from 46 to 86 Mtons in the 1994–2021 period. With a global apple juice production of more than 4.5 Mtons, a similar amount of apple pomace is produced yearly. In this work, apple pomace hydrolysate has been obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and further characterized for its content in sugars, phenolics and nitrogen using different analytic methods, based on HPLC and colorimetric techniques. Previous to the use of this hydrolysate (APH), we studied if the addition of fructose to the usual glucose-rich broth could lead to high fumaric acid yields, titers and productivities. Afterwards, APH fermentation was performed and improved using different nitrogen initial amounts, obtaining production yields (0.32 gFumaric acid/gconsumed sugar) similar to those obtained with synthetic media (0.38 gFumaric acid/gconsumed sugar). Kinetic modelling was employed to evaluate, explain, and understand the experimental values and trends of relevant components in the fermentation broth as functions of the bioprocess time, proposing a suitable reaction scheme and a non-structured, non-segregated kinetic model based on it.

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