Fumaric Acid Production by R. arrhizus NRRL 1526 Using Apple Pomace Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Kinetic Modelling

Abstract

Fumaric acid is one of the most promising biorefinery platform chemicals, fruit residues being a very suitable raw material for its production in second generation biorefineries. In particular, apple pomace is a plentiful residue from the apple juice industry, with apple being the second largest fruit crop in the world, with a production that increased from 46 to 86 Mtons in the 1994–2021 period. With a global apple juice production of more than 4.5 Mtons, a similar amount of apple pomace is produced yearly. In this work, apple pomace hydrolysate has been obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and further characterized for its content in sugars, phenolics and nitrogen using different analytic methods, based on HPLC and colorimetric techniques. Previous to the use of this hydrolysate (APH), we studied if the addition of fructose to the usual glucose-rich broth could lead to high fumaric acid yields, titers and productivities. Afterwards, APH fermentation was performed and improved using different nitrogen initial amounts, obtaining production yields (0.32 gFumaric acid/gconsumed sugar) similar to those obtained with synthetic media (0.38 gFumaric acid/gconsumed sugar). Kinetic modelling was employed to evaluate, explain, and understand the experimental values and trends of relevant components in the fermentation broth as functions of the bioprocess time, proposing a suitable reaction scheme and a non-structured, non-segregated kinetic model based on it.

Synergies between Fibrillated Nanocellulose and Hot-Pressing of Papers Obtained from High-Yield Pulp

“…Insoluble lignin remained in the filter whereas the soluble lignin fraction was obtained by measuring the absorbance of the filtrate in the UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 240 nm. Hemicellulose, cellulose and pectin content were analyzed in the filtrate after neutralization with CaCO 3 and passed through a 0.2 µm filter by using a modular HPLC device Jasco series 2000 (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) [ 70 ].…”

Recent Advances in Miscanthus Macromolecule Conversion: A Brief Overview

“…It is applied in the food and feed industries, and in the health and pharma industries. The conventional process for producing this acid involves catalytic isomerization of maleic anhydride which is a petroleum-based compound [ 131 , 132 ]. There is an alternative strategy for the bioproduction of fumaric acid by using fungi of the genus Rhizopus , and the carbon sources can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass [ 133 ].…”