Abstract:Steam-exploded aspen has been examined as a candidate feedstock for both cellulose production and enzymatic hydrolysis of wood. Batch and fed-batch cultivation methods were evaluated and compared with previous experiments using ball-milled, crystalline cellulose (Solka Floe). Batch cultivation of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 on 9 wt% water-washed aspen yielded enzyme productivities and activities comparable to those obtained on Solka Floe (40 FP IU/L-h; 7. 5 FP IU/mL). Fed-batch cultivation of Rut C-30 resulted… Show more
Lignin is by far the most abundant substance based on aromatic moieties in nature, and the largest contributor to soil organic matter. Millions of tonnes of several lignin preparations are produced by the paper industry every year, and a minimal amount of lignin is isolated by direct extraction of lignin from plants. Lignin is used either directly or chemically modified, as a binder, dispersant agent for pesticides, emulsifier, heavy metal sequestrant, or component for composites and copolymers. For value-added applications of lignin to be improved, medium- and long-term conversion technologies must be developed, especially for the preparation of low-molecular-weight compounds as an alternative to the petrochemical industry.
Lignin is by far the most abundant substance based on aromatic moieties in nature, and the largest contributor to soil organic matter. Millions of tonnes of several lignin preparations are produced by the paper industry every year, and a minimal amount of lignin is isolated by direct extraction of lignin from plants. Lignin is used either directly or chemically modified, as a binder, dispersant agent for pesticides, emulsifier, heavy metal sequestrant, or component for composites and copolymers. For value-added applications of lignin to be improved, medium- and long-term conversion technologies must be developed, especially for the preparation of low-molecular-weight compounds as an alternative to the petrochemical industry.
“…Lignocellulosic material is a less expensive source of carbon, and includes wheat straw (Doppelbauer et al, 1987;Abd El-Nasser et al, 1997), sugar cane bagasse (Kawamori et al, 1986;Aiello et al, 1996), aspen wood (San Martin et al, 1986), willow (Reczey et al, 1996) corn cobs (Abd El-Nasser et al, 1997) and waste newspaper (Maheshwari et al, 1994;Chen and Wayman, 1991). However, the necessary pretreatment of raw material also adds to the cost of production (Hsu, 1996).…”
Optimization options for production of ethanol from bitter kola (Garcinia kola) pulp wastes were investigated. The methods are degumming, saccharification, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis. Degumming was effectively achieved at 96 h of saccaharification. The concentration of reducing sugar for the treated sample (acid hydrolysed and saccharification) and control sample (saccharification) was maximum at 144 h (86.2 g/100g) and 96 h (31.5 g/100 g), respectively. Ethanol yield from treated sample and control sample using baker's yeast was maximum at 120 h (70.7 g/L) and 192 h (29.3 g/L), respectively. Alkaline hydrolysis with 0.25 M sodium hydroxide has no significant effect on concentration of reducing sugar and ethanol yield. Acid hydrolysis with 2.5 M sulphuric acid and saccharification using Aspergillus niger are better methods for optimizing ethanol production from bitter kola pulp waste. Solar drying of the bitter kola pulp waste significantly enhanced ethanol production.
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