Lignin as Renewable Raw Material

Abstract

Lignin is by far the most abundant substance based on aromatic moieties in nature, and the largest contributor to soil organic matter. Millions of tonnes of several lignin preparations are produced by the paper industry every year, and a minimal amount of lignin is isolated by direct extraction of lignin from plants. Lignin is used either directly or chemically modified, as a binder, dispersant agent for pesticides, emulsifier, heavy metal sequestrant, or component for composites and copolymers. For value-added applications of lignin to be improved, medium- and long-term conversion technologies must be developed, especially for the preparation of low-molecular-weight compounds as an alternative to the petrochemical industry.

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

“…However, only 2% of lignins (ca. 10 6 t y -1 of lignin sulfonates and < 10 5 t y -1 of kraft lignins) are commercially utilized (Calvo-Flores and Dobado 2010). This is the reason why research activities are directed toward the development of high value-added materials from industrial lignins.…”

Identification of the Phenol Functionality in Deprotonated Monomeric and Dimeric Lignin Degradation Products via Tandem Mass Spectrometry Based on Ion–Molecule Reactions with Diethylmethoxyborane

“…An important component of lignocellulosic biomass is lignin, which can make up to 25% of whole lignocellulosic biomass [7].…”

“…Due to its high aromatic carbon content, researchers have focused on converting lignin into valuable aromatic chemicals [7][8][9][10]. However, the inherent complexity of lignin often leads to the production of very complex mixtures of molecules with a wide variety of functionalities.…”

Effects of cross-linking methods for polyethylene-based carbon fibers: review

“…In spite of these large advantages, lignin has not yet been effectively utilized, and this presents environmental problems. Unfortunately, today's standard method for recovering lignin from papermill streams is not suitable for producing a high volume of lignin with properties suitable for fast and economically viable wet-spinning and eventual conversion to CFs with the quality requirements that industry demands [47]. In contrast, PE can easily be used to produce fibers at low cost, and has been applied as an industrial fiber.…”