[reaction: see text] The construction of multivalent neoglycoconjugates is efficiently achieved by the regiospecific catalytic cycloaddition of alkynes and azides using the organic-soluble copper complexes (Ph(3)P)(3).CuBr and (EtO)(3)P.CuI. The simultaneous use of microwave irradiation shortened notably the reaction times.

Chemical reactions and many of the procedures of separation and purification employed in industry, research or chemistry teaching utilize solvents massively. In the last decades, with the birth of Green Chemistry, concerns about the employment of solvents and the effects on human health, as well as its environmental impacts and its dependence on non-renewable raw materials for manufacturing most of them, has drawn the attention of the scientific community. In this work, we review the concept of green solvent and the properties and characteristics to be considered green. Additionally, we discuss the different possible routes to prepare many solvents from biomass, as an alternative way to those methods currently applied in the petrochemical industry.

No abstract

The construction of multivalent structures such as sugar heterodimers, glycoclusters, calix sugars, multicalixarenes, and glycocyclodextrins is designed by using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition as a versatile and efficient tool which allows the creation of heterocyclic bridges between the different units that are coupled.

The efficient synthesis of structurally diverse, multivalent, heterogeneous neoglycoconjugates by means of a series of different click‐based strategies is described. The methodology is highly efficient and versatile allowing for easy access to a series of mannose (α‐Man)‐containing glycoconjugates differing in their valency, nature of the scaffold, nature of the constitutive sugars and length of the linker. The influence of those structural parameters on the binding affinities of these glycomimics toward Concanavalin A (Con A) was evaluated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)