Production of carbon clusters by laser ablation of polymers in vacuum

Abstract

Articles you may be interested inLaser ablation with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for determining aromatic lignin volatilization products from biomass Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 033104 (2011); 10.1063/1.3563704 Synthetic characteristics of large carbon cluster ions by laser ablation of polymers in vacuumA time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometric study of C n + (n=1-24) ions produced by laser ablation of a graphite target High resolution pulsed infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy: Application to laser ablated carbon clusters Time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for analyzing ionic species produced by Nd:YAG laser ablation of polymers ͓polypropylene ͑PP͒, polyethylene ͑PE͒, and polytetrafluoroethylene͔ in vacuum. The temporal variation of the mass distribution after the laser irradiation was investigated. The target polymers were decomposed to almost atomic species by the laser irradiation. After the laser irradiation, significant temporal evolution of carbon cluster ions ͑C n H m ϩ , C n H m Ϫ , and C n F m Ϫ ) was observed. This result indicates that the cluster ions are produced from atomic species via gas-phase reactions in the ablation plume with no ambient gases. The mass spectra of C n Ϫ and C n H m Ϫ obtained from the PP and PE targets suggest that even carbon clusters ͑C 2k ) are hydrogenated more efficiently than odd ones ͑C 2kϩ1 ) to produce C 2k H m .

Femtosecond laser-induced fragmentation and cluster formation studies of solid phase trinitrotoluene using time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…Although clustering phenomena have been reported for nanosecond laser pulse irradiation of other materials including graphite and polymers [16,17], this is the first report of explosives clustering induced by femtosecond laser irradiation. Clustering of TNT has been reported previously for mechanically-induced shock wave experiments performed by Engelke et al [18] In these experiments, conditions were created that promoted TNT dimer formation through weak van der Waals associations as well as through Diels Alder reactions.…”

Investigation of the fragmentation of explosives by femtosecond laser mass spectrometry

“…Clustering phenomena have been reported for nanosecond laser pulse irradiation of graphite and polymers. [14][15] However, this is the first report of explosives clustering induced by fs laser irradiation. Clustering of TNT has been reported for mechanically induced shock wave experiments performed by Engelke et al where TNT dimer formation occurred through weak van der Waals associations as well as through Diels Alder reactions.…”

Synthetic characteristics of large carbon cluster ions by laser ablation of polymers in vacuum

“…The dominant ion species in the mass spectra shifted to larger carbon cluster ions at t D у5 s. The signal intensity of C n ϩ with 5рn р30 increased with t D , indicating the production of carbon clusters in gas phase after laser ablation. 22,23 However, the maximum size of clusters observed from the graphite and PE targets was C 30 ϩ . In the measurement using a polypropylene ͑PP: Sekisui Seikei, PP plate PP-1000͒ target, the mass spectra of positive ions and their temporal variations were almost the same as those obtained from the PE target under the same experimental conditions.…”

“…Figure 2 illustrates the TOF mass spectra of positive ions obtained from ͑a͒ graphite ͑Nilaco, Graphite sheet͒ and ͑b͒ polyethylene ͑PE: AS ONE corporation, Polyethylene sheet͒ targets. 22,23 The laser used in this experiment was the Nd:YAG laser. The fluences of the Nd:YAG laser pulse were ͑a͒ 0.5 J/cm 2 and ͑b͒ 2.9 J/cm 2 for the graphite and PE targets, respectively.…”

“…It is noted that negative cluster ions C n Ϫ with nу30 were never observed from graphite, PE, PP, and PTFE targets. 22,23 …”