Environmental transmission electron microscopy and ultra-high resolution electron microscopic observation using aberration correctors have recently emerged as topics of great interest. The former method is an extension of the so-called in situ electron microscopy that has been performed since the 1970s. Current research in this area has been focusing on dynamic observation with atomic resolution under gaseous atmospheres and in liquids. Since 2007, Nagoya University has been developing a new 1-MV high voltage (scanning) transmission electron microscope that can be used to observe nanomaterials under conditions that include the presence of gases, liquids and illuminating lights, and it can be also used to perform mechanical operations to nanometre-sized areas as well as electron tomography and elemental analysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The new instrument has been used to image and analyse various types of samples including biological ones.
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Synthetic characteristics of large carbon cluster ions by laser ablation of polymers in vacuumA time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometric study of C n + (n=1-24) ions produced by laser ablation of a graphite target High resolution pulsed infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy: Application to laser ablated carbon clusters Time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for analyzing ionic species produced by Nd:YAG laser ablation of polymers ͓polypropylene ͑PP͒, polyethylene ͑PE͒, and polytetrafluoroethylene͔ in vacuum. The temporal variation of the mass distribution after the laser irradiation was investigated. The target polymers were decomposed to almost atomic species by the laser irradiation. After the laser irradiation, significant temporal evolution of carbon cluster ions ͑C n H m ϩ , C n H m Ϫ , and C n F m Ϫ ) was observed. This result indicates that the cluster ions are produced from atomic species via gas-phase reactions in the ablation plume with no ambient gases. The mass spectra of C n Ϫ and C n H m Ϫ obtained from the PP and PE targets suggest that even carbon clusters ͑C 2k ) are hydrogenated more efficiently than odd ones ͑C 2kϩ1 ) to produce C 2k H m .
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