Production of Aflatoxin on Rice

Shotwell, Odette L.; Hesseltine, C. W.; Stubblefield, Robert D; Sorenson, W. G.

doi:10.1128/aem.14.3.425-428.1966

Cited by 386 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Aflatoxin was produced in rice using the Aspergillus parasiticus (NRLL (2999) strain in accordance with the modified method of Demet el al. () based on the protocol described by Shotwell et al (). The level of total aflatoxin produced in rice was measured using an R‐Biopharm Ridascreen® total aflatoxin kit, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Anon, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antioxidant effects of pumpkin seed oil on subacute aflatoxin poisoning in mice

Eraslan

Kanbur

Aslan

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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This study was aimed at the investigation of the antioxidant effect of pumpkin seed oil against the oxidative stress-inducing potential of aflatoxin. For this purpose, 48 male BALB/c mice were used. Four groups, each comprising 12 mice, were established. Group 1 was maintained as the control group. Group 2 was administered with pumpkin seed oil alone at a dose of 1.5 mL/kg.bw/day (∼1375mg/kg.bw/day). Group 3 received aflatoxin (82.45% AFB1 , 10.65% AFB2 , 4.13% AFG1, and 2.77% AFG2 ) alone at a dose of 625 μg/kg.bw/day. Finally, group 4 was given both 1.5 mL/kg.bw/day pumpkin seed oil and 625 μg/kg.bw/day aflatoxin. All administrations were oral, performed with the aid of a gastric tube and continued for a period of 21 days. At the end of day 21, the liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, heart, and spleen of the animals were excised, and the extirpated tissues were homogenized appropriately. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in tissue homogenates. In conclusion, it was determined that aflatoxin exhibited adverse effects on most of the oxidative stress markers. The administration of pumpkin seed oil diminished aflatoxin-induced adverse effects. In other words, the values of the group, which was administered with both aflatoxin and pumpkin seed oil, were observed to have drawn closer to the values of the control group.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antioxidant effects of pumpkin seed oil on subacute aflatoxin poisoning in mice

Eraslan

Kanbur

Aslan

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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“…The aflatoxins were produced via fermentation of rice with Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 as described (Shotwell et al, 1966) and modified by Demet et al (1995). The fermented rice was autoclaved, dried and ground to a powder, and the AFs content was measured by the use of HPLC (Hustchins and Hagler, 1983).…”

Section: Preparation Of Aflatoxin-contaminated Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatotoxicity in rat by marine algae extracts

2006

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Chemoprevention by extracts of Laurencia obtusa (E1) and Caulerpa prolifera (E2) collected from the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea against aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-initiated hepatotoxicity in female Sprague-Dawley rats has been studied. Animals were fed aflatoxin-contaminated diet (3 mg kg(-1) diet) for 6 days then treated orally with pure aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) (200 microg kg(-1) b.w.) for 4 days either in combination with or before E1 or E2 administration (50 mg kg(-1) b.w.). AFB(1) resulted in a signicant increase in serum alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, interleukin-1alpha, procollagen III and lipid peroxidation level in the liver. It caused a signicant decrease in food intake, body weight, serum leptin, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and DNA and RNA concentrations in the liver. Cotreatment with AFB(1) and E1 or E2 resulted in an obvious improvement in all tested parameters. Noteworthy, E2 was more effective than E1 in the protection against AFB(1)-induced hepatotoxicity.

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“…The quantity of aflatoxin was highest in rice samples in comparison with wheat and maize. There are a few reports which also indicate rice as good substrate for aflatoxins (Baller and Schroeder, 1966;Shotwell et al 1966).…”

Section: Observations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Some Cereals

Pande

Saxena²,

Pandey³

1990

Mycoses

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Thirty samples each of wheat and rice and 22 of maize were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of mycotoxins out of which 13, 15 and 7 samples respectively were found to be contaminated with different mycotoxins. Aflatoxin was present in 37.4% samples and besides aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, rubratoxin and zearalenone were also present in the cereals. The quantity of aflatoxin was highest in rice samples in comparison to wheat and maize. During the preliminary bioassay no external changes were observed in the mice except for slight weight loss when fed with grain samples, while a high rate of mortality was observed when treated with lethal doses of mycotoxins.

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Production of Aflatoxin on Rice

Cited by 386 publications

References 4 publications

The antioxidant effects of pumpkin seed oil on subacute aflatoxin poisoning in mice

The antioxidant effects of pumpkin seed oil on subacute aflatoxin poisoning in mice

Prevention of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatotoxicity in rat by marine algae extracts

Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Some Cereals

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