Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Some Cereals

Pande, Neerja; Saxena, Jalaj; Pandey, H. K.

doi:10.1111/myc.1990.33.3.126

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Aflatoxins may occur in peanuts, corn (maize) and cottonseed, as well as in many other agricultural commodities (Pittet 2001). Occurrence in rice has also been reported in a number of countries (Reddy et al 2008; Gummert et al 2009): Sri Lanka (Bandara et al 1991), Bangladesh (Dawlatana et al 2002), Japan (Tabata et al 1993), China (Liu and Gao 2006; Wang and Liu 2007), Vietnam (Nguyen et al 2007), Thailand (Shank et al 1972), India (Pande et al 1990; Toteja et al 2006; Reddy et al 2009), the Philippines (Sales and Yoshizawa 2005), Korea (Park et al 2004, 2005a), United Arab Emirates (Osman et al 1999), Turkey (Aydin et al 2010), Tunisia (Ghali et al 2008), Nigeria (Hussaini et al 2007), Côte d'Ivoire (Sangare-Tigori et al 2006b), Uruguay (Piñeiro et al 1996), Brazil (Soares and Rodriguez-Amaya 1989; de Carvalho et al 2010), and the United States (Abbas and Shier 2009), as well as in imported/ marketed rice in the United Kingdom (Scudamore et al 1998; Food Standards Agency (FSA) 2002), Austria (Reiter et al 2010), Iran (Mazaheri 2009) and Sweden (Fredlund et al 2009; Nordkvist et al 2009). The study in Vietnam indicated that the rainy season was a major risk factor for occurrence of AFB 1 in rice (Nguyen et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Surveys of rice sold in Canada for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins

Bansal

Pantazopoulos

Tam

et al. 2011

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Approximately 200 samples of rice (including white, brown, red, black, basmati and jasmine, as well as wild rice) from several different countries, including the United States, Canada, Pakistan, India and Thailand, were analysed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins by separate liquid Chromatographic methods in two different years. The mean concentrations for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were 0.19 and 0.17 ng g−1 with respective positive incidences of 56% and 43% (≥ the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.002 ng g−1). Twenty-three samples analysed in the second year also contained aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) at levels ≥LOD of 0.002 ng g−1 The five most contaminated samples in each year contained 1.44–7.14 ng AFB1 g−1 (year 1) and 1.45–3.48 ng AFB1 g−1 (year 2); they were mostly basmati rice from India and Pakistan and black and red rice from Thailand. The average concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) were 0.05 and 0.005 ng g−1 in year 1 and year 2, respectively; incidences of samples containing ≥LOD of 0.05 ng g−1 were 43% and 1%, respectively, in the 2 years. All positive OTA results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. For fumonisins, concentrations of fumonisin B1 (FB1) averaged 4.5 ng g−1 in 15 positive samples (≥0.7 ng g−1) from year 1 (n = 99); fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3) were also present (≥1 ng g−1). In the second year there was only one positive sample (14 ng g−1 FB1) out of 100 analysed. All positive FB1 results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Surveys of rice sold in Canada for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins

Bansal

Pantazopoulos

Tam

et al. 2011

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…Developing countries account for 97% of the world's groundnut area and 94% of the total production (FAOSTAT, 2010). However, groundnut yield in this part of the world and particularly in Africa is lower than the world average due to prevailing abiotic, biotic and socioeconomic factors (Pande et al, 2003;Upadhyaya et al, 2006;Caliskan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and feed crop, which also serve as component of crop rotation in many countries (Pande et al, 2003;Upadhyaya et al, 2006). Groundnuts are also significant source of cash in developing countries that contribute significantly to food security and alleviate poverty (Smart et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Aspergillus contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Eastern Ethiopia

Mohammed¹,

Chala²

2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The production of groundnut is constrained by several factors, among which is Aspergillus spp. In addition to causing quantitative losses, Aspergillus spp. produce highly toxic and carcinogenic chemical substances known as aflatoxins. This study was conducted with the objectives to (i) identify Aspergillus species associated with groundnuts, (ii) determine the frequency of seed contamination, and (iii) survey agro-ecological conditions related to groundnut contamination by Aspergillus spp. About 270 groundnut samples were collected from farmers' storage, fields and local markets of three districts that is, Babile, Darolabu and Gursum of Eastern Ethiopia for mycological analysis in the year 2010. Results of the mycological analysis suggested heavy infestation of groundnut samples by various molds including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Pencillium species. At the district level, the incidence of infected groundnut kernels ranged from 50 to 80%. Within the district kernel infection varied between 36.3 and 100%. The common Aspergillus symptoms (yellowing or chlorotic leaves, wilting, drying and brown or black mass covered by yellow or greenish spores) were also observed in groundnut fields. The current results were consistent with our earlier report of heavy aflatoxin contamination of groundnut from the same places, suggesting the urgent need to apply control measures against toxigenic fungi and associated mycotoxins.

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“…Citrinin (CIT), a nephrotoxic mycotoxin mainly produced by Penicillium citrinum, is known to occur as a feed contaminant under natural conditions (Bilgrami et al, 1984;Manickam et al, 1985;Kumari and Nusrath, 1987;Pande et al, 1990;Rajeswari and Char, 1981). It has also been implecated in a fatal human kidney disease, Balkan Endemic Nephropathy, along with ochratoxin A (Stoev, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced citrinin and endosulfan toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of fetuses

Singh¹,

Sharma²,

Dwivedi³

et al. 2008

J of Applied Toxicology

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In the present investigation, citrinin (CIT) (10 mg kg(-1) feed) and endosulfan (1 mg kg(-1) body weight) were administered orally alone and in combination to pregnant Wistar rats from gestational day 6 to 20 and their fetuses were collected to evaluate the histopathological alterations in hepatic and renal tissues. In CIT-fed group fetal liver, the changes were less marked, showing only sinusoidal dilation and mild vacuolar degeneration, whereas the consistent changes in the fetal kidney included tubular degeneration, medullary tubular necrosis, cystic dilatation of tubules, distortion of glomerulur capillary tuft and interstitial fibroblastic proliferation which separated clusters of tubules. In the endosulfan group, the liver was predominantly affected, showing vacuolar degeneration, karyomegaly and severe sinusoidal dilation, whereas the renal changes were mainly confined to tubular degeneration and varying degree of interstitial fibrosis. In the combination group, the hepatic and renal histopathological alterations in the fetus, though of similar nature to those of the individual groups, were more severe.

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Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Some Cereals

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Surveys of rice sold in Canada for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins

Surveys of rice sold in Canada for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins

Incidence of Aspergillus contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Eastern Ethiopia

Experimentally induced citrinin and endosulfan toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of fetuses

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