Production of a bioherbicide agent in liquid and solid medium and in a biphasic cultivation system

Abstract

-The use of fungi in weeds control programs depends upon the conidia production in large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate liquid and solid culture media and the cultivation by biphasic system for the conidia production of Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho a specific pathogen of Euphorbia heterophylla. The liquid media were obtained from agro-industrial waste or by-products, and the solid media were prepared with mixtures of grains and grain derivatives. The liquid medium made with sugar cane molasses stood out from the others because it provided great sporulation (23 x 10 4 conidia mL -1 of medium), conidial viability (99.7%), and formation of mycelial fungal biomass (1.26 g 100 mL -1 of medium). On solid media conidial production was markedly higher than in liquid media, especially the medium composed by a blend of sorghum grain (40%) and soybean hulls (60%) where the fungus produced 2.3 x 10 7 conidia g -1 of medium. The cultivation of B. euphorbiae in biphasic system not promoted a significant increase in the production of conidia. The solid media were more effective for the mass production of fungus and mixtures of grains and derivatives were effective for increasing conidia production.Keywords: Bipolaris euphorbiae, Euphorbia heterophylla, biological control, weed control, fungus production, natural substrates. RESUMO -O uso de fungos em programas de controle de plantas daninhas depende da produção

The second International Symposium on Fungal Stress: ISFUS

“…Stress conditions, particularly UV radiation and heat from sunlight are important regulators of fungal communities in agriculture and forest (Bidochka et al, 2001;Ferreira et al, 2017;Wang and Wang, 2017). Many fungi have been developed into commercial biological control agents and are being mass produced to be used in agriculture and forestry (Li et al, 2010) to promote plant growth (Vega et al, 2009), promote plant defense responses (Vega et al, 2009); and to control plant diseases (Costa et al, 2013;Druzhinina et al, 2011), plant parasitic nematodes (Siddiqui and Mahmood, 1996), aquatic weeds (Cother and Gilbert, 1994), terrestrial weeds (Moraes et al, 2014), and insects (Alston et al, 2005;Faria and Wraight, 2007;Keyser et al, 2017). Different abiotic environmental factors cause stress and consequently harm these important fungi in agricultural systems, highlighting the need to study stress tolerance of fungi used in agriculture and forestry.…”

Métodos de controle de plantas daninhas em sistemas orgânicos: breve revisão

“…O uso de organismos vivos como estratégia de controle para as plantas daninhas demonstra interesse por apresentar reduzido impacto ambiental, custo acessível, e resultados semelhantes aos obtidos com herbicidas no sistema convencional. Entretanto, organismos vivos exigem cuidados redobrados, sejam relacionados às condições de cultivo, de conservação, de estocagem, sendo que, cada organismo possui condições ótimas de desenvolvimento, que iram proporcionar maior viabilidade e produção (Machado et al, 2013;Moraes et al, 2014). O uso de fungos, bactérias, vírus e insetos para o controle de plantas daninhas se enquadra dentro da perspectiva de controle biológico, e usualmente está sendo conhecida como bioherbicida (Bittencourt e Franzener, 2013; Galon et al, 2016).…”

Lema quadrivittata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): morphological description and its use as a biological control agent of Commelina benghalensis L.

“…In this sense, weed management through biological control becomes an alternative to the use of chemicals in agriculture. The groups of most studied organisms and used as weed biocontrol agents are mainly phytophagous insects and phytopathogenic fungi and, to a lesser extent, phytopathogenic mites, bacteria and viruses (Machado, Mochi, & Monteiro, 2013;Moraes, Monteiro, Machado, Barbosa, & Mochi, 2014).…”