Production and Potency of Local Rambutan at East Java as a Candidate Phytopharmaca

Abstract

Rambutan is a tropical fruit that grow well in Indonesia and the peel is considered as waste. Many researchers' showed that rambutan peel contains polyphenol that could be expected to avoid obesity. The objective of this study was to explore the increasing production of local rambutan and to identify the promising phytochemical compounds on its peel as phytopharmaca candidate against obesity. Survey was conducted on the production of rambutan, potential plantation area, and marketing. Sample of rambutan peel collected from the sub-district Kanigoro, Blitar. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed using TLC, HPLC and FT-IR. Bioassay analysis used obesity rat models. The survey result showed a mean of rambutan production increased 2.6% in 2007-2012. Average production of rambutan 70-120 kg/tree. Vegetative multiplication usually done to maintenance of rambutan quality. The main compound of Rambutan peel extract (RPE) is flavonoids, tannins, ellagic acid and the major functional group of CH3, aliphatic CH3, and C=O. These compounds have a potential activity against obesity. RPE 30mg/kgBW dose was significantly inhibit the weight gain of obese rats and reducing the adipocyte size (p<0.05).

Recovery of Bioactive Ellagitannins by Ultrasound/Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Mexican Rambutan Peel (Nephelium lappaceum L.)

“…The majoritarian compounds (geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid) have been ously identified on rambutan peel and studied for their wide range of biological ac In a previous study, Hernandez-Hernandez et al [24], were able to recover seve phenolic compounds using Mexican rambutan husk, obtaining corilagin, geraniin acid, ellagic acid pentoside, punigluconin, tetragalloyglucose, and pedunculagin other study, Mendez-Flores et al [19], recovered 12 polyphenolic compounds, nam lic acid, breviform carboxylic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid 3-O-gallate, isorhamnet glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside, galloyl-HHDP-hexoside, corilagin, pedunculagin, ellag derivate, theaflavin 3,3′-O-digallate, galloyl-bis-HHDP-hexoside (casuarinin), an niin, using UAE to extract polyphenols from Mexican rambutan husk. It is impo mention that in these two studies, the three majoritarian compounds were also ge corilagin, and ellagic acid, which are also the three majoritarian compounds in this In another study, Palanisamy et al [12], described the compounds found wit Malaysian variety of the rambutan husk, finding only three compounds, geranii lagin, and ellagic acid, while Lestari et al [8], analyzed the polyphenolic compound the Java rambutan variety, also revealing the presence of the previous three comp These studies prove that the husk of the Mexican rambutan variety possesses mor phenolic compounds than other Asian varieties that may provide potential biolog tivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-o antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, and improvement on cardiovascular health [6,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The majoritarian compounds (geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid) have been previously identified on rambutan peel and studied for their wide range of biological activities.…”

“…In another study, Palanisamy et al [ 12 ], described the compounds found within the Malaysian variety of the rambutan husk, finding only three compounds, geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid, while Lestari et al [ 8 ], analyzed the polyphenolic compounds from the Java rambutan variety, also revealing the presence of the previous three compounds. These studies prove that the husk of the Mexican rambutan variety possesses more polyphenolic compounds than other Asian varieties that may provide potential biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, and improvement on cardiovascular health [ 6 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

“…In some fruits, the peel has higher bioactivity than the edible portion of the fruit, and rambutan’s peel is not an exception. Studies conducted from biological assays have proved the great potential of this agricultural waste as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, as well as a promoter of cardiovascular health [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Despite the proven properties of rambutan, its waste has been little exploited.…”

Active Compound Identification in Extracts of N. lappaceum Peel and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity

“…Although alkaloids were not detected in this study, Nethaji et al [57] have reported the presence of alkaloids, steroids and sterols, glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and tannins in the methanolic extracts of the N. lappaceum epicarp. Lestari et al [58] (Table 4).…”

Short communication: Morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in several rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia

“…Fruit is used as stomachic and anthelmintic, and potential to against diarrhea and dysentery (Suganthi and Josephine 2016). The fruit rind contains alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and phenolic acids which are potential as antibacterial and antioxidant ingredients (Fidrianny 2015;Thitilertdecha et al 2010;Sun et al 2012;Widowati et al 2015), antidiabetic or antiglycemic agent (Palanisamy et al 2011;Muhtadi et al 2016), antihypercholesterolemic, anti-obesity (Lestari et al 2013), anticancer (Khonkarn et al 2010), protect cell damage of alveolar lung exposed to cigarette smoke (Lisdiana et al 2017), and manufacture of soap (Suganthi and Josephine 2016). The geraniin isolated from fruit rind has antiviral activity which effective against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) (Sukmandari et al 2017).…”