Product-service systems in solar PV deployment programs: What can we learn from the California Solar Initiative?

Simulation Modelling of a Shift to Service-Based Offerings : Resource efficiency and operational implications in the context of the circular economy

“…An STS consists of interconnected material objects such as products and infrastructure and, as well as immaterial aspect like services or legal systems that are necessary to provide the desired functionality. The dynamics of STSs were recently analysed from the technological (Onat et al, 2016), organisational (Bolton and Hannon, 2016), economic (Schmidt-Costa et al, 2019), institutional (Geels, 2004), socio-cultural (Pettersen et al, 2013) and political perspectives (Hoppmann et al, 2014).…”

“…The analysis may also include the user (Camacho-Otero et al, 2019), the services, multiple product lifecycles (Asif et al, 2015) or another purpose for the product (Bräuer, 2016;Campbell-Johnston et al, 2020). Other aspects that are crucial for an understanding of the resource efficiency of a product are the infrastructure it is embedded in (Fischer and Pascucci, 2017) and the policies that regulate it (Wilts et al, 2016;Schmidt-Costa et al, 2019). Analysing the interrelatedness of these aspects requires a systems perspective (Papachristos, 2019).…”

“…However, companies that engage in new CE activities need to find favourable institutions that do not block their circular activities (Whalen et al, 2018). Business models in the photovoltaic industry are very influenced by regulations (Overholm, 2015;Schmidt-Costa et al, 2019) and subsidies (Huijben and Verbong, 2013;Huijben et al, 2016); see more in the related publication by the author (e.g., Wasserbaur and Sakao, 2018). Industrial symbiosis has been hampered by regulatory obstacles that are in place when turning waste back into raw materials (Salmi et al, 2012).…”

A Multi-Agent Social Gamification Model to Guide Sustainable Urban Photovoltaic Panels Installation Policies

“…From their analysis, they conclude that FiTs have a significant impact on installation rates, being responsible for both a rise in 2008 and a decline post-2008 when they were removed. Similarly, in an empirical analysis focused on PV adoption in California, Schmidt-costa et al [29] and Drury et al [30] delve in detail into one of the most successful public policies aimed at PV technology diffusion in the US: The California Solar initiative program. They discuss the impact on PV adoption trends and the policy implications of third-party PV business models in the Los Angeles and Orange counties.…”

A socio-technical experiment with a resource efficient product service system

“…Product Service Systems (PSS) are offerings that can support these objectives. PSS offer opportunities to access products at reduced costs (Schmidt-Costa et al 2019), lower material intensity and greater resource efficiency than would be the case with traditional modes of consumption.…”