This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Maurizio Catulli, Matthew Cook, and Stephen Potter, ???Consuming use orientated product service systems: A consumer culture theory perspective???, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 141, pp. 1186-1193, first published online 24 September 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.187. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 24 September 2018. ?? 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Research suggests that product service systems (PSS) may usefully form part of the mix of innovations necessary to move society toward more sustainable futures. However, PSS implementation rates are disappointingly low and an implementation gap has emerged. Drawing on consumer culture theory (CCT), this paper provides insights to help resolve this issue in business to consumer markets. Since consumption of use orientated PSS is analogous to access based consumption, six dimensions of access are set out to analyse a case study of infant car seat provision. Five outcomes are derived from the analysis and these include partial identification with accessed product and interplay of use and symbolic value. This analysis questions the view that PSS do not create sufficient value to overcome a preference for ownership in western societies. Rather, PSS consumption is likely to arise when both functional and symbolic value are extracted by consumers and when PSS are promoted to appropriate consumer groups such as ???nomads???. Further research is needed to explore these phenomena and address the issues they raise in PSS design processes
Summary This article sets out an approach to researching sociocultural aspects of product service systems (PSSs) consumption in consumer markets. PSSs are relevant to industrial ecology given that they may form part of the mix of innovations that move society toward more‐sustainable material and energy flows. The article uses two contrasting case studies drawing on ethnographic analysis: Harley Davidson motorcycles and the Zipcar car club. The first is a case of consumption involving ownership; the second is one of consumption without ownership. The analysis draws on consumer culture theory to explicate the sociocultural, experiential, symbolic, and ideological aspects of these case studies, focusing on product ownership. The article shows that ownership of Harley Davidson motorcycles enables riders to identify with a brand community and to define themselves. Owners appropriate their motorcycles through customization. In contrast, Zipcar users resist the company's attempts to involve them in a brand community, see use of car sharing as a temporary fix, and even fear contamination from shared use of cars. We conclude that iconic products such as Harley Davidson motorcycles create emotional attachment and can challenge PSS propositions. But we also suggest that somewhat standardized products may present similar difficulties. Knowing more about sociocultural aspects of PSSs may help designers overcome these difficulties.
The optimal use of tris-2-ethylhexylamine to recover hydrochloric acid and metals from leach solutions and comparison with other extractants'The optimal use of tris-2-ethylhexylamine to recover hydrochloric acid and metals from leach solutions and comparison with other extractants, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering https://doi. Highlight More than 96% HCl may be extracted by single stage extraction with dilute TEHA. Mn, Li, Fe, and HCl can be separated at optimal conditions of extraction, stripping and scrubbing Recovery of HCl will solve disposal problem of HCl bearing effluents. AbstractThis paper describes the use of TEHA for HCl recovery from a leach solution generated by a hydrometallurgical plant. Four organic extractants were tested including TEHA, Alamine 336, Cyanex 923 and TBP. TEHA organic system performed best in terms of acid extraction, stripping and scrubbing efficiency. The successive extraction shows that more than 99 % HCl was extracted after three stages of extraction. Scrubbing tests with different A/O ratios at different temperatures were conducted to identify the optimal conditions to separate HCl, Mn and Fe. After scrubbing the loaded organic solution at an A/O ratio of 1:4 and 22°C, 94-100% of entrained metals were removed in a single contact with only 5.2% acid lost in the loaded scrub liquor. It was found that the phase disengagement time was in the range of 2-4 min for both extraction and stripping, indicating reasonable fast phase separation. Based on these results from batch tests, it can be expected that after optimisation in a counter current circuit consisting of extraction, scrubbing, selective and bulk stripping, nearly all metals and HCl would be recovered and recycled.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to follow a paper by Rexfelt and Hiort af Ornäs published in JMTM in 2009, which dealt with consumer acceptance of product service systems (PSS). This topic is important as it is a sustainable business model. It is proposed that the uncertainty consumers have towards the suitability of PSS to their needs can be further explored using existing management tools such as SERVQUAL, a tool to measure customer satisfaction and perceived quality. Design/methodology/approach -This study, supported by the British Academy, utilized qualitative research on two types of respondents: businesses that can be classified eco-efficient PSS providers; and consumers. The providers were administered structured in-depth interviews, and the respondents are Mr Chas Ball, Director of Policy at Car Plus, a trade association representing car clubs, and Mr Jonathan Hampson, Director of Streetcar, the largest car club company. Car clubs may be considered a type of eco-efficient PSS. Consumers were involved in four focus groups (20 participants in total). The questioning route used in the two focus groups focused the attention of the participants on two types of eco-efficient PSS provision: one represented by car-sharing services, such as the ones provided by City Car Club and Street Car, mentioned in section 2; the other was an hypothetical provision of a bundle of maternity equipment and services, such as baby prams, baby car seats, travel cots and similar. The inclusion of this "hypothetical" provision was inspired by a study conducted in Sweden by Mont et al. Findings -Consumers are favourable to PSS provisions in principle; however they have concerns on whether this type of provision will live up to their expectations. These concerns are that the PSS might not perform satisfactorily in terms of its assurance, reliability, responsiveness, empathy and tangible components. The attractive aspect of PSS to consumers is as a "bundle" or products and services where the product can be replaced to accommodate consumers' needs. Business managers and policy makers will need to devise communications to reassure consumers that PSS provision meets the requirements set out by the SERVQUAL scale. Originality/value -This paper identifies the applicability of a service quality measurement tool, SERVQUAL, to product service systems (PSS) and it extends the knowledge on consumers' acceptance of PSS.
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