Process variables of instant granulator and spheroniser: II. Size and size distributions of pellets

Hellén, Leena; Yliruusi, Jouko; Kristoffersson, Eeva

doi:10.1016/0378-5173(93)90229-9

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The effect of loading is controversial discussed in the literature. For example, it is reported that acceptable pellets with narrow size distribution were produced with larger load, longer residence time and higher speed 15. However, it was also mentioned that larger loads led to more fine particles, which caused agglomeration 16.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process is affected by mechanical stress and by the temperature. Previous studies with the common orifice size of 1 mm has shown that obtaining a certain roundness of pellets is dependent on the moisture content of the extrudates as well as process settings: spheronization speed, spheronizer load, and residence time 2–5. An effect of the temperature was reported for the spheronization of solid lipid extrudates 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spheronization of Small Extrudates Containing κ-Carrageenan

Yoo

Kleinebudde

2009

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spheronization of Small Extrudates Containing κ-Carrageenan

Yoo

Kleinebudde

2009

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…However, there are other contradictory reports in literature that suggested that the residence time in the spheroniser has a significant influence on the size of the particles. Hasznos et al (1992) found that the mean diameter of pellets increased as the spheronising time increased; Hellen et al (1993) reported that increasing residence time reduced the size; Wan et al (1993) observed that the size of the pellets increased for up to 10 min, while a further increase in residence time decreased the size. This variety of results shows that the influence of other factors, such as formulations, and possibly also the type of equipment and range of actual values of the variables makes the conclusion regarding spheronisation time somewhat system-specific.…”

Section: Bead Sizementioning

confidence: 97%

An Analysis of the Influence of Multiple Processing Factors on the Characteristics of Bioactive-Loaded Beads Prepared by Extrusion–Spheronisation

Kuang

Oliveira

Crean

2009

Food Bioprocess Technol

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The objective of this study was to determine optimum extrusion-spheronisation parameters for producing bioactive-loaded beads with maximum consistency. The Taguchi method for robust engineering design was applied, using an L 9 orthogonal array (fractional factorial design). The processing parameters analysed were spheronising speed, time and the amount of granulating liquid. The potential importance of some interactive effects was assessed by applying a response surface analysis to the data. The amount of granulating liquid, spheronising speed and the interaction between these two parameters were found to have a statistically significant influence on the size, with the amount of granulating liquid being the most dominant factor. The diameter of beads increased with the amount of granulating liquid and consequently, reduced the yield in the desired range (600-1,180 µm). The roundness of the beads was strongly influenced by the spheronising time. The beads became rounder with increasing spheronising time, up to a limit when the effect was observed to level off. Similar optimum conditions were indicated by a response surface method and the Taguchi method: low amount of granulating liquid (50%, w/w) and extrudates spheronised at the highest speed (1,800 rpm) for 15 min. However, the predicted response values using the Taguchi method were physically more acceptable: yield in the desired size range of 98.83%, D 50 of 662 µm and roundness of 0.82.

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“…The latter has a higher output but also produces but shows greater heat production during the processing. Pellet quality is dependent on the thickness of the screen and the diameter of the perforations 40,41,42 . A thinner screen produced a rough and loosely bound extrudate, whereas a thicker screen forms smooth and well-bound extrudate because of the higher densification of the wet mass.…”

Section: Process Parameters For the Extrusion-spheronization Techniqumentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2011

IJPSR

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Pelletization process first came into existence way back during the 1950s, when the first product was introduced to the market. These pelletized dosage forms have gained popularity considerably from then because of their distinct advantages, such as ease of capsule filling because of better flow properties of the perfectly spherical pellets; enhancement of drug dissolution; ease of coating; sustained, controlled, or site-specific delivery of the drug from coated pellets; uniform packing; even distribution in the GI tract; and less GI irritation. Pelletized dosage forms can be prepared by a number of techniques, including drug layering on nonpareil sugar or microcrystalline cellulose beads, spray drying, spray congealing, roto granulation, hot-melt extrusion, and spheronization of low melting materials or extrusion-spheronization of a wet mass. The present review outlines the recent findings on the manufacturing and evaluation of spherical pellets. The techniques namely extrusion-spheronization, hot melt extrusion, freeze pelletization, cryopelletization have been discussed along with formulation requirements for the process, parameters affecting pelletization. Evaluation of quality of the pellets is discussed with reference to the size distribution, shape, surface morphology, specific surface area, friability, tensile strength.

show abstract

Process variables of instant granulator and spheroniser: II. Size and size distributions of pellets

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Spheronization of Small Extrudates Containing κ-Carrageenan

Spheronization of Small Extrudates Containing κ-Carrageenan

An Analysis of the Influence of Multiple Processing Factors on the Characteristics of Bioactive-Loaded Beads Prepared by Extrusion–Spheronisation

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