Process Optimization Using Quality by Design (Qbd) Approach of a Gentamicin Loaded Plga Biocomposite

Abstract

Osteomyelitis continues to be a major concern when orthopedic surgery is performed. Orthopedic infections have an incidence of 5% to 10% but their management proves to be quite difficult due to both biofilm formation and limited access of the drug to the infected area when systemic treatment is employed. The aim of the study was to optimize the synthesis process of a gentamicin loaded poly(-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) based biodegradable composite by varying parameters that affect both efficiency encapsulation and nanoparticle size. Furthermore, a kinetic study was conducted to study the biodegradation process of the polymer. Gentamicin loaded PLGA nanoparticles were obtained using the double emulsion technique which allows the variation of several factors such as gentamycin concentration, PLGA concentration, buffer concentration and stirring speed. Out of the four factors evaluated, gentamicin concentration had the highest impact on both encapsulation efficiency and nanoparticle size. A few relevant interactions between factors were also registered.

Zinc–Boron–PLGA biocomposite material: preparation, structural characterization, and in vitro assessment

“…We used PVA as a non-ionic surfactant [ 50 ] in the aqueous phase, which has hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail ([CH2CH(OH)]n), which is considered a critical double emulsion-stabilizing surfactant, although there are studies that consider that an increased concentration of it can affect the encapsulation efficiency [ 51 ]. Since in our previous studies of experimental design we found that the stirring speed had no major impact on efficiency or particle size, therapeutic agent encapsulation efficiency increases with concentration and pH, and decrease with PLGA concentration [ 52 , 53 ], we chose to investigate how other parameters influence the size of Zn–B–PLGA biocomposite, such as the amount of polymer added in the synthesis process and the concentration of the emulsifying agent. Our findings confirm that the size of the particles increases with increasing amounts of PLGA and PVA.…”

Zn–B–PLGA Biocomposite-Based Materials as Drug Delivery Systems: Research Progress

“…We used PVA as a non-ionic surfactant [50] in the aqueous phase, which has hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail ([CH 2 CH(OH)] n ), which is considered a critical double emulsion-stabilizing surfactant, although there are studies that consider that an increased concentration of it can affect the encapsulation efficiency [51]. Since in our previous studies of experimental design we found that the stirring speed had no major impact on efficiency or particle size, therapeutic agent encapsulation efficiency increases with concentration and pH, and decrease with PLGA concentration [52,53], we chose to investigate how other parameters influence the size of Zn-B-PLGA biocomposite, such as the amount of polymer added in the synthesis process and the concentration of the emulsifying agent. Our findings confirm that the size of the particles increases with increasing amounts of PLGA and PVA.…”