Process optimization for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds aromatic extract with respect to yield and trans‐anethole contents using Box‐Behnken design

Abstract

Fennel (seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is the widely used aromatic and medicinal plant throughout the world. In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction was carried out to extract the aromatic extract from F vulgare seeds under various operating conditions, and aromatic extract samples were characterized for properties such as yield and trans‐anethole content. A three‐level Box‐Behnken design from response surface method was applied to optimize the extraction parameters such as pressure, temperature, and extraction time with an aim to obtain high yield and rich trans‐anethole content. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 177 bar, 40°C and 68 min where the predicted oil yield and trans‐anethole contents were found to be 3.798% and 95 mg/g, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the experimental oil yield was 3.85%, and the content of trans‐anethole was 94 mg/g. The results were very close to the values predicted by the model. At the same time, the chemical compositions of the oils from two different extraction methods, hydrodistillation and SC‐CO2, were compared. The chemical constituents of oils from two different extraction methods found to be the same, and they showed slight difference in terms of the quantity of the main chemicals. Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the oils obtained by the two extraction methods were compared, and they showed similar effects.

Separation and Qualitative Study of Mentha asiatica Boriss. Essential Oil Components by prep‐GC, GC‐QTOF‐MS, NMR and Prediction of Bioactive Compounds

“…Essential Oils (EOs) of plants in nature are the main source of natural flavors and fragrances, most of them are non‐poisonous and harmless, and have no side effects. In addition to EOs, aromatic plants also have a variety of pharmacologically active phenolic compounds [1] . They have a distinctive scent and properties that unable to substitute by synthetic aroma, such as fragrance, bactericidal, antiviral and antioxidant effects [2] .…”

Comparative study on different extraction methods of oil extract from Mentha asiatica Boriss. and optimization of the extraction process by response surface methodology

“…The essential oil produced with the SD method has the highest terpene content (5.32%), followed by the SC–CO 2 method (4.68%) and the LSE method (2.78%). The primary constituents of many plant essential oils, monoterpenes or sesquiterpenes, typically display positive antibacterial action 27 …”

“…The primary constituents of many plant essential oils, monoterpenes or sesquiterpenes, typically display positive antibacterial action. 27 By comparing the species and content of various compounds, we speculated that thymol might correlate with the antimicrobial effect of these oils. According to research by Lu Tian et al, 28 monoterpene phenol compounds, such as thymol, have a broad spectrum of activities, of which antibacterial and antifungal properties are mostly investigated.…”

Gc-MS Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil From Strobilanthes Kalimantanensis Leaves: A New Species From East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…A high estragole content will result in a low anethole content; conversely, if the anethole content is high, the estragole content will be very low [13]. Based on chemotaxonomic research, these two compounds can be found in several essential oil-producing plants, including Foeniculum vulgare (Family Apiaceae), Аrtemisia dracunculus, Clausena anisata (Family Asteraceae) and Tagetes pusilla, Pimpinella anisum (Family Apiaceae) [14][15][16][17][18].…”