Problemas de saúde mental na adolescência: características familiares, eventos traumáticos e violência

Abstract

ResumoA ocorrência de situações traumáticas, exposição à violência e características das relações parentais são fatores de risco para saúde mental. Este estudo procurou identificar as situações individuais, familiares e contextuais associadas às manifestações de problemas de saúde mental em adolescentes estudantes da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. Mental health problems in adolescence: family characteristics, traumatic events and violence AbstractThe occurrence of traumatic events, exposure to violence and characteristics of parental relationship are risk factors associated to mental health. This study aimed to identify individual, family and contextual factors associated to the manifestation of mental health problems in a sample of adolescent students from the metropolitan region of the city of Porto Alegre, RS. The instruments used were the Stressful Adolescence Events Inventory, Screening of Exposure to Community Violence, Parental Style Inventory and the Child Behavior Checklist-YRF version. Two hundred and forty five adolescents, of which 114 (46,5%) male, mean age 16,02 (DP=1,83) participated in the study. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics to estimate the determinants of clinical diagnostics. Violence situations, negative parenting practices and traumatic events were associated to clinical diagnosis. It is appointed the need to implement preventive actions and intervention geared to child and adolescent mental health.

Risk factors associated with mental health issues in adolescents: a integrative review

“…Low self-esteem, lower wish to live, depression and anxiety (14)(15)19,(22)(23)(24)(33)(34)38,48,62) Attention-defict hyperactivity disorder, oppositional/conduct disorder somatic complaints (11)(12)(13)23,25,59,62) . Self-aggression or suicide attempt; suicidal ideation (10,(13)(14)25,56) Sadness/loneliness feelings (10,34,58) Insomnia, fatigue, forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty concentrating and feelings of worthlessness (11)(12) Internalizing and externalizing behaviors (23,25) Aggression/ high levels of anger/interpersonal problems (27) Neurotic disorders (28) Abdominal obesity/ self-image (35) Need to feel pleasure (37) 43.4…”

“…Self-aggression or suicide attempt; suicidal ideation (10,(13)(14)25,56) Sadness/loneliness feelings (10,34,58) Insomnia, fatigue, forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty concentrating and feelings of worthlessness (11)(12) Internalizing and externalizing behaviors (23,25) Aggression/ high levels of anger/interpersonal problems (27) Neurotic disorders (28) Abdominal obesity/ self-image (35) Need to feel pleasure (37) 43.4…”

“…Domestic violence with physical punishment experience (23)(24)31,56) Difficulties with family relationships (parents and siblings) (13,31,61) Parents and friends influence to use drugs (14,56) Low emotional support at home during childhood (15,60) Alcohol abusive parents (47,54) Parents divorce 0, 19)to de tristeza; átricos. (19) Family financial problems (38) Parents with low well-being levels (52) Bad experience of family communication (52) Parents that live with or died of HIV/Aids (60) 26.4…”

“…Suffered aggression and physical violence (13,23,29,36,41,48,58) Sexual abuse experience evolving life threatening and physical injuries (13,22,41,43,51,53) Gangs involvement (20,61) Social contact problems and rules violation (25,59) Legal problems, involvement with auto accidents and violent acts practice (59,61) To be not working or studying (12) High frequency of exposition to community violence, theft, assault and firearms use (13) To be institutionalized or living in a shelter (13) Urban poverty (47) 32.0 …”

“…HIV vertical transmition (40,42,(45)(46) Grave sexual violence (13,29,51) HIV risk behaviors (20,43,46) Early sexual activity (42) Problems to adhere to antiretroviral treatment (42) 16.9 function in its psychic structuring. The family relationships containing affection and good communication are protection factors determinants to the adolescent mental health (31) .…”