Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Does Not Counteract Unfavorable Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Changes in the Rat Intestinal Microbiota

Abstract

Application of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in weaning feed has been suggested to stimulate intestinal epithelium maturation. In this study, PHA strongly affected the fecal bacterial population structure of rats. Escherichia coli overgrowth was not prevented by probiotic mannose-adhering Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Therefore, use of PHA in weaning feed deserves careful evaluation.Plant lectins such as kidney bean-derived phytohemagglutinin (PHA) have gained renewed interest for potential use in animal feed and infant nutrition since a positive impact on weaning adaptation and gut health has been suggested based on stimulation of the functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract of suckling rats and piglets (24,25,34,39). In contrast, several detrimental effects of PHA on gut microbiota and physiology such as reduced growth rates, loss of body weight, diarrhea, and epithelial hyperplasia have been demonstrated in several species (4,5,12,33).Previously, PHA has been reported to dose dependently induce bacterial overgrowth in the intestine, which is associated with weight loss, malabsorption, and villus damage (2, 3). It has been suggested that PHA increases the turnover of epithelial cells, promoting the expression of mannosylated receptor glycans on the gut surface and thus leading to increased adhesion and subsequent proliferation of mannose-sensitive type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli (31, 32). One would assume that based on this mechanism multiple bacterial strains besides E. coli that adhere to these additional receptor sites are stimulated by PHA. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of PHA on overall composition and dynamics of the intestinal and fecal microbiota of young adult rats. To this end, fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified 16S ribosomal terminal restriction fragment (T-RFLP) was performed and the 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) was evaluated, in addition to bacterial plate counts and real-time PCR quantification of exemplary bacteria.In addition to E. coli, mannose-specific adhesion has been demonstrated for Lactobacillus plantarum, e.g., the probiotic strain 299v (1, 29). Addition of mannose-adhering probiotics may prevent disturbances of the intestinal microbiota like overgrowth of E. coli and could therefore contribute to an improved introduction of PHA in weaning feeds. Therefore, the second objective of the present study was to assess whether an orally administered mannose-adhering L. plantarum strain could prevent E. coli stimulation in the PHA-affected rat intestine by mannose-specific competitive exclusion and thereby counteract the adverse effects of PHA.Crude red kidney bean extract containing PHA was purchased from the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology at the University of Ghent, Belgium. It was isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris basically according to the method of Pusztai et al. (32).Specific-pathogen-free male Wistar rats (WU, Harlan, Horst, The Netherlands), eight per group, 8 weeks old, were housed i...

Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9‐1 ameliorates phytohemagglutinin‐induced diarrhea caused by intestinal dysbiosis

“…Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce dysbiosis, accompanied by the hyperproliferation of E. coli , with a key symptom of diarrhea in rats . Pusztai et al reported that PHA promotes epithelial cell turnover, and increases the proportion of immature cells, thereby causing hyperproliferation of E. coli .…”

“…Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce dysbiosis, accompanied by the hyperproliferation of E. coli, 8,9 with a key symptom of diarrhea in rats. 10,11 Pusztai et al 9 reported that PHA promotes epithelial cell turnover, and increases the proportion of immature cells, thereby causing hyperproliferation of E. coli. Furthermore, since PHA is harmless in germ-free animals, 12 small intestine dysfunction and diarrhea induced by PHA are considered to be caused in part by dysbiosis arising from the rapid hyperproliferation of E. coli.…”

Effectivity of Lactobacillus plantarum BSL against Listeria monocytogenes in rats

“…Similar result was found by Oyetayo (2004) that L. acidophilus was able to increase feed consumption and body weight gain of rats infected by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Gross et al (2008) also reported that L. plantarum 299v was able to increase feed consumption and body weight gain in diarrhea rats. In addition, L. plantarum 2C12 and L. acidophilus 2B4 isolated from Indonesian meat were also able to improve feed consumption and body weight gain of rats infected by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (Arief et al, 2010).…”

“…Kusumawati et al (2003) reported that L. plantarum BSL was resistant to 5% bile salt and pH 2.5, suggesting that L. plantarum BSL had high survival and ability to adhere to the epithelial cell surface. Gross et al (2008) found that Lactobacillus spp. population in the small intestine of rats treated with L. plantarum 299v was higher (10 6 CFU/g) than control (10 5 CFU/g).…”

PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI SUSU FERMENTASI TERHADAP JUMLAH BAKTERI SEKUM DAN KADAR IgA USUS PADA TIKUS NORMAL DAN TIKUS YANG DISENSITISASI ALERGEN DINITROCHLOROBENZENE

“…Total BAL isi sekum tikus yang disuplementasi susu Acidophilus mempunyai jumlah populasi yang lebih tinggi sebesar 0,23 log CFU/g dibandingkan kontrol dan 0,56 log CFU/g lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan total BAL isi sekum tikus yang disuplementasi kefir. Kemampuan BAL strain Lactobacilus achidopilus dalam menghasilkan senyawa adesin manosa pada dinding selnya yang dapat melekat dalam mukosa usus lebih efektif dibandingkan spesies BAL yang berasal dari kefir (Gross et al, 2008) sehingga BAL yang berasal dari susu Acidophilus dapat berkembang dengan baik dan total BAL di dalam usus maupun pada sekum meningkat.…”