Probing depth is an independent risk factor for HbA1c levels in diabetic patients under physical training: a cross-sectional pilot-study

Abstract

BackgroundThis cross-sectional study investigates the potential association between active periodontal disease and high HbA1c levels in type-2-diabetes mellitus subjects under physical training.MethodsWomen and men with a diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and ongoing physical and an ongoing exercise program were included. Periodontal conditions were assessed according to the CDC-AAP case definitions. Venous blood samples were collected for the quantitative analysis of HbA1c. Associations between the variables were examined with univariate and multivariate regression models.ResultsForty-four subjects with a mean age of 63.4 ± 7.0 years were examined. Twenty-nine subjects had no periodontitis, 11 had a moderate and 4 had a severe form of periodontal disease. High fasting serum glucose (p < 0.0001), high BMI scores (p = 0.001), low diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.030) and high probing depth (p = 0.036) were significantly associated with high HbA1c levels.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study HbA1c levels are positively associated with high probing pocket depth in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus under physical exercise training. Control and management of active periodontal diseases in non-insulin-dependent patients with diabetes mellitus is reasonable in order to maximize therapeutic outcome of lifestyle interventions.

Influence of physical activity on periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A blinded, randomized, controlled trial

“…These results are consistent with the results of recent studies that have shown that physical activity is associated with a reduced prevalence of periodontitis and improved periodontal health of the population [ 26 – 28 ]. A study by Su-Jin Han et al [ 27 ] showed a significant association between regular walking and a lower prevalence of periodontitis.…”

Progress in Research of Oral Health in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Quality of Life Impact

“…The incidence of periodontal disease in DM patients is significantly higher than that in non-DM patients [4] . T2DM has a bidirectional relationship with OHQOL [5] , that is, T2DM can lead to an increased incidence of oral diseases, and poor oral health status leads to poor blood glucose control.…”

“…(1) The effects of T2DM on OHQOL: The salivary gland was damaged; Oral infection; Plasma adiponectin levels changes, whereby DM leads to periodontal vascular damage and weakened Volume 5; Issue 4 mucosal repair, leading to more oral diseases [4] . (2) Effects of OHQOL on T2DM: Low degree inflammation where, periodontitis leads to increased activity of inflammatory factors in the oral cavity, leading to decreased sensitivity to insulin, and aggravating insulin resistance [4] . For tooth loss, the existence of periodontitis leads to fragile tooth matrix, then masticatory dysfunction, followed by nutritional disorders, resulting in poor blood sugar control.…”

Association between metabolic and hormonal profile, proinflammatory cytokines in saliva and gingival health in adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Insulin resistance has also been linked to increased susceptibility to infections and altered oral microflora composition [ 58 ]. There is a considerable body of evidence suggesting the existence of a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, with diabetes increasing the risk for periodontitis, and periodontal inflammation negatively affecting glycaemic control [ 59 – 61 ]. Our subjects did not present abnormal glucose levels, but many had elevated insulin resistance index.…”