Probable malignant catarrhal fever presented as transient generalised crusting dermatitis in a cow

Munday, John S.; French, Adrienne F.; Smith, Adrian L.; Wang, J; Squires, Richard A.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2008.36815

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2,4 Extensive skin disease can also be a feature of MCF in cattle, including a dermal infiltrate of multinucleate giant cells, in the absence of other clinical signs. 3,5,8 In the goat reported here, infection with OvHV-2 most likely resulted from exposure to sheep on the same farm. Although the OvHV-2 status of the sheep was unknown, essentially all sheep in the United Kingdom are considered to be OvHV-2 carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Diagnostic Exercise

Foster¹,

Twomey²,

Monie

et al. 2010

Vet Pathol

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An 18-month-old cross-bred goat was presented with generalized erythema and thinning of the hair coat, as well as localized moderate scaling. Histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies showed hyperplasia and marked disruption of the infundibular epithelium owing to a predominant infiltrate of macrophages with multinucleated histiocytic giant cells and some lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Examination of peripheral blood and skin by polymerase chain reaction gave positive results for ovine herpesvirus type 2 consistent with a diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Diagnostic Exercise

Foster¹,

Twomey²,

Monie

et al. 2010

Vet Pathol

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“…On the one hand, the water buffaloes seemed to be more susceptible than cattle to infection with either virus; on the other hand, the case fatality rate among water buffaloes was lower than the perceived lethality among cattle [34] . However, recent reports from countries with a high concentration of farms, where OvHV-2 reservoir species are kept together with MCF-indicator species, suggested an increasing incidence of non-lethal outcomes of MCF, which also involved either subclinical cases among cattle, and more chronic, cutaneous forms of the disease [50] , [62] – [64] . These observations may signify that either OvHV-2 has a capacity to adapt to new hosts upon serial passaging or else that the cattle in those countries are selected to become resistant to MCF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Different Macaviruses, ovine herpesvirus-2 and caprine herpesvirus-2, Behave Differently in Water Buffaloes than in Cattle or in Their Respective Reservoir Species

et al. 2013

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The ongoing global spread of “exotic” farm animals, such as water buffaloes, which carry their native sets of viruses, may bear unknown risks for the animals, into whose ecological niches the former are introduced and vice versa. Here, we report on the occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) on Swiss farms, where “exotic” water buffaloes were kept together with “native” animals, i.e. cattle, sheep, and goats. In the first farm with 56 water buffaloes, eight cases of MCF due to ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) were noted, whereas additional ten water buffaloes were subclinically infected with either OvHV-2 or caprine herpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2). On the second farm, 13 water buffaloes were infected with CpHV-2 and two of those succumbed to MCF. In neither farm, any of the two viruses were detected in cattle, but the Macaviruses were present at high prevalence among their original host species, sheep and goats, respectively. On the third farm, sheep were kept well separated from water buffaloes and OvHV-2 was not transmitted to the buffaloes, despite of high prevalence of the virus among the sheep. Macavirus DNA was frequently detected in the nasal secretions of virus-positive animals and in one instance OvHV-2 was transmitted vertically to an unborn water buffalo calf. Thus, water buffaloes seem to be more susceptible than cattle to infection with either Macavirus; however, MCF did not develop as frequently. Therefore, water buffaloes seem to represent an interesting intermediate-type host for Macaviruses. Consequently, water buffaloes in their native, tropic environments may be vulnerable and endangered to viruses that originate from seemingly healthy, imported sheep and goats.

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“…Moreover, vasculitis has been reported as a consequence of systemic herpesvirus infections caused by malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) (16) and , and bovine endothelial cell cultures were found to be susceptible to BoHV-4 infection (18). Although the pathogenesis of vasculitis remains unsolved, it is usually assumed that a small fraction of infected lymphocytes induces the proliferation and deregulation of uninfected cells with a nonspecific cytotoxic effect (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential Pathogenetic Role of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 in Two Dairy Cows with Dermatitis-Pyrexia-Hemorrhagic Syndrome

et al. 2015

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c Dermatitis, pyrexia, and hemorrhagic syndrome (DPHS) is a rare bovine syndrome of unclear etiology. We describe two DPHS cases, the first to occur in Italy, with clinicopathological findings suggesting a potential pathogenetic role of bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4). CASE REPORT Two Italian Holstein-Friesian cows, 5 and 6 years old, from the same herd were referred to the Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Science of Turin University because of acute onset of pyrexia, pruritus, and skin lesions. One animal (cow A) was referred 1 week after the onset of clinical signs and displayed forced decubitus; the other animal (cow B) was referred 36 h after the onset of clinical signs. Both animals were anorectic, showed signs of depressed mental status, with decreased/absent milk production, pyrexia (rectal temperature, Ͼ41.0°C), and disseminated pruritic papulocrustous dermatitis of the head, neck, tail, perineum, and udder ( Fig. 1A to C). In addition, cow B presented hemorrhagic suffusion of the vulvar mucosal membrane (Fig. 1D) and bloody diarrhea.In cow A, the complete blood cell count (ADVIA 120 hematology system; Bayer) was unremarkable. In cow B, the hematological parameters were significantly altered: severe leukopenia (white blood cell count, 2,680 cells/ml [reference range, 6,200 to 13,600 cells/ml]), lymphopenia (2,004 cells/ml [reference range, 4,000 to 9,800 cells/ ml]), neutropenia (390 cells/ml [reference range, 1,100 to 3,600 cells/ ml]), monocytopenia (160 cells/ml [reference range, 200 to 1,300 cells/ml]), and thrombocytopenia (190, Serological investigations showed antibody (Ab) titers of 3ϩ and 2ϩ for bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) (PrimaCheck bovine respiratory syncytial virus [BRSV] Ab; Agrolabo) in cow A and cow B, respectively. No serum antibodies for BoHV-1, bovine BoHV-2, BoHV-5, bovine virus diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD/ MD), parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3), BRSV, pseudorabies virus (PrV), Mycoplasma spp., or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were detected in either animal.Parasitological and mycological investigations of the skin and hair samples were negative in both animals.Cow A was euthanized for animal welfare reasons; cow B died spontaneously after 8 days despite supportive treatment. Gross examination revealed multifocal whitish areas involving the renal cortex in both animals; subcutaneous hematomas and severe multifocal hemorrhages of the intercostal muscles were noted in cow B (Fig. 2A). The major histopathological findings for both animals were cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (Fig. 2B) associated with superficial and deep dermatitis, hyperkeratosis (Fig. 2C), and subepidermal separations and ulcerations, in addition to chronic interstitial nephritis associated with vasculitis (Fig. 2D). Severe and diffuse splenic depletion associated with histiocytic giant cells and neutrophilic infiltrates and minimal multifocal interstitial pneumonia were observed in cow B.Bacteriological examination and indirect immunofluorescence testing (IIFT) for anti-bovine IgG in s...

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Probable malignant catarrhal fever presented as transient generalised crusting dermatitis in a cow

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Diagnostic Exercise

Diagnostic Exercise

Two Different Macaviruses, ovine herpesvirus-2 and caprine herpesvirus-2, Behave Differently in Water Buffaloes than in Cattle or in Their Respective Reservoir Species

Potential Pathogenetic Role of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 in Two Dairy Cows with Dermatitis-Pyrexia-Hemorrhagic Syndrome

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