Abstract:Increasing costs of running educational institutions and funding educational programs, coupled with decreasing government subsidies to support such costs, have made privatisation and marketisation of higher education a common phenomenon throughout the world. The article presents the development of this trend in Indonesia utilizing two recent government regulations: Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN/State Owned Legal Institution) law of 1999, and Badan Hukum Pendidikan (Educational Legal Institution) law of 2009. … Show more
“…They find that the regulations harm low-income students, governmental responsibility to education, unbiased research findings, academic excellence and collegiality (Susanti 2011). Over the years, the Indonesian Supreme Court has been requested to review the 2003 law, 2008 law, and 2012…”
“…They find that the regulations harm low-income students, governmental responsibility to education, unbiased research findings, academic excellence and collegiality (Susanti 2011). Over the years, the Indonesian Supreme Court has been requested to review the 2003 law, 2008 law, and 2012…”
“…This rise in private provision may pose challenges to the mitigation of existing inequalities via differences in the type and quality of private higher education provision that different population groups can access (e.g. Susanti 2011;Tilak 2014). Moreover, even the recent growth of private higher education institutions is unlikely to close the gap in enrolment with more developed countries.…”
Section: Focus On Sub-saharan Africa and South Asiamentioning
Higher education is back in the spotlight, with post-2015 sustainable development goals emphasising equality of access. In this paper, we highlight the long distance still to travel to achieve the goal of equal access to higher education for all, with a focus on poorer countries which tend to have lower levels of enrolment in higher education. Analysing Demographic and Health Survey data from 35 low-and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we show wide wealth inequalities in particular, with few if any of the poorest gaining access to higher education in some countries. We further identify that wealth and gender inequalities interact and tend to be wider in countries where levels of higher education are higher. This implies that expansion in access to higher education may predominantly benefit the rich, unless measures are taken to tackle inequalities. We find that that the rates of increase necessary for the attainment of the equal access goal by 2030 are particularly high. They pose a particularly difficult challenge given the access inequalities present from primary and secondary education in a wide majority of countries in our analysis. We therefore suggest that any measures aimed at attaining the goal need to tackle inequalities in access within a system-wide approach, focusing on the level of education at which inequalities initially manifest, alongside higher education.
“…Tudi v Indiji velika večina študentov obiskuje zasebne visokošolske institucije, ki pa so pod strogim nadzorom univerz, ki načrtujejo in izvajajo preverjanja znanja, dodeljujejo akademske naslove, določajo minimalne vstopne pogoje ter nadzorujejo najemanje pedagoškega osebja (ibid.). Susanti (2011) predstavi tri najpomembnejše kritike indonezijskih visokošolskih reform: nepristranskost do študentov z nizkimi prihodki, zmanjšanje odgovornosti in zavezanosti vlade za izobraževanje in komercializacijo javnih univerz; predvsem pa očita zakonodaji da ni uspela razrešiti temeljnih razlogov za izobraževalno neenakost ter pomanjkanje poudarka na učinke privatizacije in marketizacije za akademske vrednote in poslanstvo visokega šolstva. Ntshoe (2002) raziskuje privatizacijo in kvazi-marketizacijo visokega šolstva v Južnoafriški republiki, ob čemer poudarja, da so bili odzivi visokošolskih institucij na globalne marketizacijske procese zelo različni, pač glede na lokalne razmere in tip institucij; ob tem uporablja teorijo odvisnosti od virov ter strukturalizem kot konceptualni okvir.…”
Section: Osrednji Koncepti V Diskurzu O Marketizaciji Visokega šOlstvunclassified
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