Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosts and broadens Ad26.COV2.S immunogenicity in a variant-dependent manner

Keeton, Roanne; Richardson, Simone I.; Moyo-Gwete, Thandeka; Hermanus, Tandile; Tincho, Marius Belmondo; Benede, Ntombi; Manamela, Nelia P; Baguma, Richard; Makhado, Zanele; Ngomti, Amkele; Motlou, Thopisang; Mennen, Mathilda; Chinhoyi, Lionel; Skelem, Sango; Maboreke, Hazel; Doolabh, Deelan; Iranzadeh, Arash; Otter, Ashley; Brooks, Tim; Noursadeghi, Mahdad; Moon, James; Grifoni, Alba; Weiskopf, Daniela; Sette, Alessandro; Blackburn, Jonathan M.; Hsiao, Nei Yuan; Williamson, Carolyn; Riou, Catherine; Goga, Ameena; Garrett, Nigel; Bekker, Linda Gail; Gray, Glenda; Ntusi, Ntobeko; Moore, Penny L.; Burgers, Wendy A.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.003

Cited by 111 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, in previously vaccinated individuals with breakthrough Omicron infections, high titers were observed against both D614G and Omicron; sequences that match the vaccine and infecting spikes to which these donors have been exposed. This is consistent with our previous studies indicating that the sequence of the infecting spike impacts the quality of the neutralization, suggesting imprinting of the immune response 20 .…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron triggers cross-reactive neutralization and Fc effector functions in previously vaccinated, but not unvaccinated individuals

Richardson

Madzorera

Spencer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant largely escapes neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccines or infection. However, whether Omicron triggers humoral responses that are cross-reactive to other variants of concern (VOCs) remains largely unknown. We use plasma from 20 unvaccinated and seven vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave in South Africa to test binding, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and neutralization against VOCs. In unvaccinated individuals, Fc effector function and binding antibodies target Omicron and other VOCs at comparable levels. However, Omicron-triggered neutralization is not extensively cross-reactive to VOCs, with 20 to 43-fold reductions in titer. In contrast, vaccination followed by breakthrough Omicron infection improved cross-neutralization of VOCs, with titers exceeding 1:2,900. This has important implications for the vulnerability of unvaccinated Omicron-infected individuals to reinfection by circulating and emerging VOCs. Further, while Omicron-based immunogens may be adequate boosters, they are unlikely to be superior to existing vaccines for priming in SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron triggers cross-reactive neutralization and Fc effector functions in previously vaccinated, but not unvaccinated individuals

Richardson

Madzorera

Spencer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Consistent with previous studies [6][7][8] , we observed that previously infected and vaccinated individuals had higher neutralization capacity of ancestral virus relative to those vaccinated only (Fig. 1c).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…5 SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 6 KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa. 7 Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Cele

Jackson

Khoury

et al. 2021

Nature

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This is a PDF file of a peer-reviewed paper that has been accepted for publication. Although unedited, the content has been subjected to preliminary formatting. Nature is providing this early version of the typeset paper as a service to our authors and readers. The text and figures will undergo copyediting and a proof review before the paper is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

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“…Importantly, an ideal vaccine should, in addition, retain activity against emerging viral lineages. Three anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, Moderna mRNA-1273, BioNTech BNT162b2, and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S, are now being extensively used around the world and have received the most public attention and validation ( 1 , 2 ), while less is known about immunity after Sputnik V vaccination ( 3 ). Although humoral responses to Sputnik V have recently been reported for a limited number of study participants ( 4 , 5 ), data regarding the B cell response in Sputnik V-vaccinated subjects are presently lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory B Cells Induced by Sputnik V Vaccination Produce SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Upon Ex Vivo Restimulation

et al. 2022

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The development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 remains a global health priority. Despite extensive use, the effects of Sputnik V on B cell immunity need to be explored in detail. We performed comprehensive profiling of humoral and B cell responses in a cohort of vaccinated subjects (n = 22), and demonstrate that Sputnik vaccination results in robust B cell immunity.We show that B memory cell (MBC) and antibody responses to Sputnik V were heavily dependent on whether the vaccinee had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or not. 85 days after the first dose of the vaccine, ex vivo stimulated MBCs from the vast majority of Sputnik V vaccinees produced antibodies that robustly neutralized the Wuhan Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus. MBC-derived antibodies from all previously infected and some of the naïve vaccine recipients could also cross-neutralize Beta (B.1.351) variant of SARS-CoV-2.Virus-neutralizing activity of MBC-derived antibodies correlated well with that of the serum antibodies, suggesting the interplay between the MBC and long-lived plasma cell responses. Thus, our in-depth analysis of MBC responses in Sputnik V vaccinees complements traditional serological approaches and may provide important outlook into future B cell responses upon re-encounter with the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosts and broadens Ad26.COV2.S immunogenicity in a variant-dependent manner

Cited by 111 publications

References 41 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron triggers cross-reactive neutralization and Fc effector functions in previously vaccinated, but not unvaccinated individuals

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron triggers cross-reactive neutralization and Fc effector functions in previously vaccinated, but not unvaccinated individuals

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Memory B Cells Induced by Sputnik V Vaccination Produce SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Upon Ex Vivo Restimulation

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