Printing-friendly sequential deposition via intra-additive approach for roll-to-roll process of perovskite solar cells

Heo, Youn Jung; Kim, Jueng Eun; Weerasinghe, Hasitha; Angmo, Dechan; Qin, Tianshi; Sears, Kallista; Hwang, Kyeongil; Jung, Yen Sook; Subbiah, Jegadesan; Jones, David J.; Gao, Mei; Kim, Dong Yu; Vak, Doojin

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.09.051

Cited by 90 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This led to fully coated PSCs with several perovskite absorbers, i.e., MAPbI 3 (18.2% stabilized PCE) or wide-bandgap FA 0.125 MA 0.875 PbI 2 Br (1.71 eV, 13.9% initial PCE). [62,69] Up to date, not only hole transport layers (HTLs) like the polymers PEDOT:PSS [52,58,70,71] (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):(polystyrene sulphonate)), P3HT [65,72] (poly(3-hexyl thiophene)), and PTAA [64] or small molecules like Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N′-di-pmethoxy phenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene) [66,67] and Bifluo-OMeTAD, [58,67] but also electron transport layers (ETLs) like the fullerenes C 60 [52,56] and PCBM [52,56,69] ([6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester) and dispersed inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles like NiO x , [56] ZnO, [58,65,67,71] SnO, [59,62,68] or TiO 2 have been successfully deposited by blade coating and slot-die coating. In most cases, elevated substrate temperatures between 40 °C and 165 °C are used for blade coating.…”

Section: Blade Coating and Slot-die Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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optoelectronic devices, a novel lowcost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) material emerged. Only 10 years after the first reported perovskite solar cells (PSCs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 23% were certified, exceeding those of much longer established thin-film PV technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and inorganic thin-film PV based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). [1] The material class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites combines excellent optoelectronic properties, such as long diffusion lengths [2] and short absorption lengths, [3] with the ease of solution processing, low energy payback times, and low-cost precursor materials. [4] Moreover, the optoelectronic properties and the material stability can be engineered by varying the constituents in the perovskite crystal structure ABX 3 . For example, the bandgap (E G ) can be tuned by changing the stoichiometric ratio of Br and I at the halogen anion site X. [5][6][7] In order to improve the stability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, compositional engineering of the cation site A was demonstrated to be successful via combining methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + or MA + ), formamidinium (CH 5 N 2 + or FA + ), Cs + , and Rb + ions in the so-called multi-cation perovskites. [8][9][10][11] Three key challenges hinder today the economical breakthrough of PSCs:Stability: First, the instability of PSCs against moisture, oxygen, light, and temperature limits the lifetime of PSCs to a fraction of the warranty lifetime (often >25 years) of the market dominating crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV. [12] Very respectable progress has been made over recent years to enhance the stability of PSCs by demonstrating stability over 1000 h, but significant further advances in terms of stability are needed to lift the technology to a level where it is ready to compete with, or be a bolt-on tandem companion to the current PV heavyweight of c-Si. A number of reviews cover recent developments on the topic of stability. [13][14][15][16][17] Toxicity: Second, highly efficient PSCs still contain lead, the toxicity of which hampers the acceptance of the technology and could conflict with legislative barriers. [18] Other recent reviews present progress with respect to this challenge. [19,20] Upscaling: Third, the upscaling of perovskite PV devices to commercial PV module sizes (>1 m 2 ) must be achieved. To date, the vast majority of research and development of PSCs is still Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structur...

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Section: Blade Coating and Slot-die Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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“…In industrial manufacturing scenarios, operating large equipment under inert environment is costly as well as impractical. As a result, the PCE of cells fabricated through industry‐compatible manufacture often lags compared to lab‐based cells fabricated under an inert environment . Although fabrication under ambient environment is touted as the reason for the reduced efficiency, how and why the environment imparts such dramatic changes in photovoltaic properties of PSCs is seldom, if at all, explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Homogenous Spherulitic Crystallization for High‐Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated under Ambient High‐Humidity Conditions

Angmo

Peng

Seeber

et al. 2019

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The influence of precursor solution properties, fabrication environment, and antisolvent properties on the microstructural evolution of perovskite films is reported. First, the impact of fabrication environment on the morphology of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films with various Lewis‐base additives is reported. Second, the influence of antisolvent properties on perovskite film microstructure is investigated using antisolvents ranging from nonpolar heptane to highly polar water. This study shows an ambient environment that accelerates crystal growth at the expense of nucleation and introduces anisotropies in crystal morphology. The use of antisolvents enhances nucleation but also influences ambient moisture interaction with the precursor solution, resulting in different crystal morphology (shape, size, dispersity) in different antisolvents. Crystal morphology, in turn, dictates film quality. A homogenous spherulitic crystallization results in pinhole‐free films with similar microstructure irrespective of processing environment. This study further demonstrates propyl acetate, an environmentally benign antisolvent, which can induce spherulitic crystallization under ambient environment (52% relative humidity, 25 °C). With this, planar perovskite solar cells with ≈17.78% stabilized power conversion efficiency are achieved. Finally, a simple precipitation test and in situ crystallization imaging under an optical microscope that can enable a facile a priori screening of antisolvents is shown.

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“…To demonstrate the scalability of the developed method, the condition was used to fabricate seriesconnected modules and achieved an impressive PCE of 8.6%. [50][51][52] The 3DP slotdie platform can provide accurate X, Y, and Z positions and solution-feed controls through PC-digital commands, and the coating system can be readily repeated via simple PC-commands, thus allowing for the printed PSCs to be highly reproducible, and for the roll-to-roll coating process to be mimicked. The study not only demonstrates high-efficiency PSCs via slot-die coating strategies but also provides significant insights into their practical applications in roll-to-roll based PSC-production.…”

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confidence: 99%

Slot‐Die and Roll‐to‐Roll Processed Single Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with the Highest Efficiency

Lee

Seo

Kwon

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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PSC-efficiencies have increased with intensive effort on novel materials synthesis, film-morphology engineering, and interface control, and the state-of-the-art PSCs have eventually produced a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 15%. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For example, Zou et al. reported a newly synthesized nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), Y6, having an electron-deficient-core-based fused ring with a benzothiadiazole unit, and the resulting single-junction PSCs based on PM6:Y6 BHJ showed an excellent efficiency of 15.7% and a certified PCE of 14.9%. [20] In addition, Hou and co-workers recently reported a series of copolymers, and in particular, the copolymer T1 (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′] dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′] dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-TF) = 0.8 and PTO2 = 0.2) produced the bestefficiency of 15.1% and certified PCE of 14.6% in PSCs using 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′] dithiophene (IT-4F) acceptor. [21] One of the representative routes to further enhance PSCefficiency is broadening the absorption bandwidth of the active film for better sunlight absorption. [21][22][23] To this end, the ternary The record efficiency of the state-of-the-art polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly increasing, due to the discovery of high-performance photoactive donor and acceptor materials. However, strong questions remain as to whether such high-efficiency PSCs can be produced by scalable processes. This paper reports a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.5% achieved with single-junction ternary PSCs based on PTB7-Th, PC 71 BM, and COi8DFIC fabricated by slot-die coating, which shows the highest PCE ever reported in PSCs fabricated by a scalable process. To understand the origin of the high performance of the slot-die coated device, slot-die coated photoactive films and devices are systematically investigated. These results indicate that the good performance of the slot-die PSCs can be due to a favorable moleculestructure and film-morphology change by introducing 1,8-diiodooctane and heat treatment, which can lead to improved charge transport with reduced carrier recombination. The optimized condition is then used for the fabrication of large-area modules and also for roll-to-roll fabrication. The slot-die coated module with 30 cm 2 active-area and roll-to-roll produced flexible PSC has shown 8.6% and 9.6%, respectively. These efficiencies are the highest in each category and demonstrate the strong potential of the slot-die coated ternary system for commercial applications. Photovoltaic DevicesThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.Over the past few decades, solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) have continued to demonstrate their potential as a high-ef...

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Printing-friendly sequential deposition via intra-additive approach for roll-to-roll process of perovskite solar cells

Cited by 90 publications

References 46 publications

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Controlling Homogenous Spherulitic Crystallization for High‐Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated under Ambient High‐Humidity Conditions

Slot‐Die and Roll‐to‐Roll Processed Single Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with the Highest Efficiency

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