“…appears to be contrary to inferences that might be drawn from the results of several experiments involving the concept of secondary reinforcement (Bugelski, 1938;Cowles, 1937;Melching, 1954;Mitrano, 1939;Mote & Finger, 1942;Saltzman, 1949;Skinner, 1938;Wolfe, 1936). Generally, in these experiments, animals learned to associate previously neutral stimuli with the attainment of a reward.…”