Principles and applications of cyclodextrin liquid crystals

Abstract

Cyclodextrin-based liquid crystals combine the versatile properties of macrocyclic host molecules and liquid-crystalline mesophases.

Multicharged cyclodextrin supramolecular assemblies

“…Cyclodextrins (CDs), the well-known family of supramolecular macrocyclic host molecules, have been widely applied in analytical chemistry, [1][2][3][4][5] catalysis, [6][7][8][9][10] materials science, [11][12][13][14] biological science, [15][16][17][18][19] and other fields. [20][21][22][23] Recently, these macrocyclic systems have also emerged as promising building blocks for functional nanomaterials based on the host-guest chemistry of CDs.…”

“…Although the literature contains numerous reviews covering the diverse applications of CDs and CD-based assemblies, including metal complexation, 11,41,161,162 cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks, 163 cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks, 164–167 supramolecular catalysis and synthesis, 168–170 multistimuli-responsive materials, 15,171–173 polymer materials, 13,24,174–181 self-healing materials, 182 amphiphilic materials, 90,183 crystalline organic materials, 184 liquid crystal materials, 14 rotaxanes/polypseudorotaxanes/catenanes/polyrotaxanes, 185–190 drug/protein/gene delivery, 16,19,23,191–194 molecular recognition and imaging, 1,195–199 molecular machines, 200 thiolated cyclodextrins, 201 cyclodextrin–porphyrinoid systems, 202 foods and antioxidants, 203,204 electrochemical analysis, 5 and chiral analysis, 205 to the best of our knowledge, multicharged CDs as an important building block have not been comprehensively reviewed. Multilevel supramolecular assembly based on electrostatic interactions between opposite charges, including parent CDs modified with multiple charges or encapsulating charged guest molecules, has enabled the construction of a diverse variety of multifunctional materials, and these have been widely applied in drug delivery, 206–214 bioimaging, 215–218 molecular recognition, 219–231 nanochannels, 232,233 molecular switches, 26,234 adsorbents and enrichment, 235–237 surfactants, 238 electrospinning supramolecular systems, 239,240 supercapacitors, 241 CD–polyoxometalate complexes, 242–245 liquid crystal materials, 246 multistimuli-responsive materials, 247–252 pseudorotaxanes, 253 conductive polymers, 254 photodynamic/chemotherapy, 255 molecular shuttles, 256,257 etc.…”

Mechanism and Kinetic Study of Cyclodextrin Use to Facilitate NO2 Absorption in Sulfite Solutions

“…The acetal groups and the C atoms with nonpolar C–H bonds point toward the inner CD cavity. Hence, the outer edge with the primary and secondary side is hydrophilic, while the inner cavity is hydrophobic . As a result, CD readily dissolves in water and encapsulates pollutants to form host–guest complexes.…”

Lanthanide (Eu3+/Tb3+)-Loaded γ-Cyclodextrin Nano-Aggregates for Smart Sensing of the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan

“…Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers composed of a series of D-glucopyranose units connected by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, usually consisting of 6–12 glucose units [ 39 ]. The three most common cyclodextrins are α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-CD), which are composed of 6, 7, and 8 glucose units, respectively [ 40 , 41 ]. Among them, the γ-CD cavity has the largest volume, with a diameter of 0.95 nm and a cavity volume of 427 Å 3 [ 41 , 42 ].…”