Multicharged cyclodextrin supramolecular assemblies

Abstract

This review provides an overview of multicharged cyclodextrin supramolecular assemblies, including their assembly mechanisms and broad applications in chemistry, materials science, medicine, biological science, catalysis, and other fields.

Nanoreactor Based on Cyclodextrin for Direct Electrocatalyzed Ammonia Synthesis

“…The possible mechanism of the electrochemical nitrate reduction process catalyzed by γ-CD is shown in Figure . In KOH electrolyte solution, the coordination of K + ions with hydroxyl groups in γ-CD induces the formation of extended 3D γ-CD-K + frameworks with six CDs as a building unit. − Such γ-CD-K + frameworks containing the uncoordinated hydroxyl groups and the complexed K + ions can act as cage nanoreactors to initiate NO 3 – RR. The uncoordinated edge hydroxyl groups within cage nanoreactors, as dominant catalytic sites, would effectively absorb and activate nitrate through hydrogen-bonding interactions to drive NO 3 – RR. , Besides, the electrostatic interaction through those complexed K + ions confined within cage nanoreactors and NO 3 – also contributes to the enhanced enrichment effect of nitrate ions and promotes the mass transfer, thus realizing the high-efficiency electroreduction of NO 3 – into NH 3 over the γ-CD-K + complex under ambient conditions.…”

Host–Guest Chemistry in Discrete Polyoxo-12-Palladate(II) Cubes [MO8Pd12L8]n− (M = ScIII, CoII, CuII, L = AsO43 –; M = CdII, HgII, L = PhAsO32–): Structure, Magnetism, and Catalytic Hydrogenation

“…Host–guest chemistry is a promising strategy for the fabrication of smart materials, primarily engineered with a view to their salient physiochemical properties and broad applications, particularly in molecular recognition, drug delivery, biosensing, and supramolecular catalysis . On the molecular level, a host–guest assembly usually comprises an organic macrocycle host (e.g., cyclodextrin, cucurbituril, calixarene, and pillararene) and a suitable guest component that are held together through weak and reversible interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and hydrophobic effect) . Unlike host–guest complexation for organic systems, which has been well-studied, the host–guest complexation of inorganic systems is still in its infancy .…”

Color-Tunable Binary Copolymers Manipulated by Intramolecular Aggregation and Hydrogen Bonding

“…Color-tunable luminescent materials based on polymeric materials has been achieving increased attention, because of their processability, flexibility, and simple preparation process, which have played an important role in sensing, bioimaging, and information encryption. − The most common method to fabricate multicolored organic polymer luminescent materials was to polymerize chromophore monomers and/or modify chromophores to the as-prepared polymer backbones by post-modification. − However, these methods usually rely on multiple luminescent molecules attached to the polymers including dangling at side chains or located at polymer backbones to emit multicolor, which resulting in a tedious synthetic process. Therefore, construction of color-tunable polymeric luminescent materials based on single chromophore was highly desirable in the scope of polymer science and photochemistry. − Since the photophysical performance of chromophores were largely dependent on the packing state, − the main focus on construction multicolor luminescent materials was to regulate the aggregation state of luminescent molecules through covalent interactions and noncovalent interactions, such as covalent bonding, − host–guest interactions, − π–π interactions, − crystallization engineering, − hydrogen bonding, , etc. In comparison with fabrication of color-tunable luminescent materials based on single component manipulated by supramolecular interactions, the covalent bonds could endow necessary processability and recyclability for light-emitting polymeric materials.…”