Principais instrumentos para avaliação da disfunção temporomandibular, parte I: índices e questionários; uma contribuição para a prática clínica e de pesquisa

Abstract

Na literatura especializada, encontram-se variados instrumentos para avaliação da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), sob a forma de índices, questionários, protocolos, escalas de avaliação e critérios de diagnóstico. Este estudo, dividido em duas partes, visou caracterizar os principais instrumentos de avaliação da DTM disponíveis na literatura, para auxiliar o clínico e o pesquisador na correta escolha da ferramenta apropriada para contemplar seus objetivos clínicos ou científicos. Nesta parte I são apresentados dois índices clínicos e três questionários (anamnésicos e funcionais); na parte II, um questionário funcional e dois conjuntos de critérios diagnósticos. Os índices são ferramentas que organizam a avaliação de sinais e sintomas, pela obtenção de pontuações. Os questionários são melhor aplicados para traçar perfis populacionais em estudos epidemiológicos. Para avaliação dos eventuais impactos da DTM nas atividades de vida diária, os questionários funcionais são mais adequados. Finalmente, há poucos conjuntos de critérios sistematizados para obter o diagnóstico da disfunção. A utilização de uma ou outra ferramenta depende de sua aplicabilidade e dos objetivos do profissional que a irá utilizar.

Temporomandibular disorders and oral habits in high-school adolescents: a public health issue?

“…The results refute Godoy's et al 19 score, who found a prevalence of 16.3% in a population of adolescents by the DMF index. One possible reason for this difference may lie in the fact that the DMF index, due to its high sensitivity and low specificity can result in false positive 14 , and thus has a tendency to overestimate its prevalence, so it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis through a clinical exam. This fact turns out to be confirmed by a clinical exam, which showed a lower percentage of muscular TMD and joint signs.…”

“…Data were collected through a questionnaire about personal data and Fonseca's anamnesis questionnaire 14 , answered by the students. The questionnaire for assessing the existence and degree of TMD consists of 10 questions, and for each question there are three possible answers: "yes", "no" or "sometimes"; to which have been assigned the values "10", "0", "5", respectively.…”

Zumbido em indivíduos sem perda auditiva e sua relação com a disfunção temporomandibular

“…All the individuals were submitted to the following procedures: inspection of the external acoustic meatus; interview to investigate the person's general health status -aiming at identifying tinnitus-associated disorders such as diabetes; audiological and otological past -exposure to noise, middle ear infections, dizziness, ear surgeries; check for laterality; tinnitus type and duration; identification of the tinnitus pitch and loudness by means of acuphenometry and deployment of a checklist of TMD signs and symptoms, which was created by the researcher, based on data from the literature, talks with professionals in this field (dentists, speech and hearing therapists specialized in orofacial movement), in order to search for a possible relationship between tinnitus and TMD [12][13][14][15] The idea behind having a checklist is to enable the clinician to identify patients with a higher likelihood of having TMD and, thus, better and more correctly refer patients. Of the seven questions which make up the checklist, two (questions 1 and 4) were answered exclusively based on the assessment carried out by the researcher and five were based on the report from the individual (questions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7).…”

Assessment of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Mandibular Functional Impairment in Dentistry Academics

“…The Clinical Dysfunction Index (IDCCM or Helkimo Index) aims to classify volunteers into categories of severity of clinical signs of TMD. (14) The mandibular functional impairment index (MFIQ) has a scoring system that makes it possible to classify severity categories of functional limitation related to TMD. One of its advantages is to measure the functional limitation related to TMD, differentiating it from other questionnaires that evaluate the severity of the signs and symptoms.…”

“…One of its advantages is to measure the functional limitation related to TMD, differentiating it from other questionnaires that evaluate the severity of the signs and symptoms. (14,15) There is a lack of studies related to the mandibular functional impairment in undergraduate students of Dentistry who presented TMD, although there are a large number of studies that relate TMD in this public. It is also known that there is a high number of absences, absenteeism at work due to pain, stress or discomfort caused by mandibular functional impairment and TMD.…”