Primary vaginal calculus in a middle-aged woman with mental and physical disabilities

Abstract

Vaginal calculi are rarely encountered and are often misdiagnosed as bladder calculi because of the difficulty in achieving an appropriate diagnosis. Most vaginal calculi result from the presence of a urethrovaginal fistula; those occurring in the absence of such fistulas are extremely rare. We present a case of a 42-year-old bedridden woman with mental and physical disabilities who had been misdiagnosed for a decade as having a bladder calculus. We removed the calculus nonsurgically and the analyzed the components. Results demonstrated the presence of a primary vaginal calculus. Vaginal calculi may occasionally occur in disabled women, but further investigation of the etiology of such calculi is required.

Primary vaginal calculus in a woman with urogenital sinus anomaly: a case report

“…In most cases, the clinical manifestations of patients are not specific. Most of the symptoms are caused by enlarged stones in the vagina, including infections, vaginal pain, dyspareunia, urinary incontinency [2,[5][6][7][8]. In our study, the patient presented with recurrent abdominal pain, amenorrhea and dyspareunia.…”

A case of transvaginal lithotripsy for a giant vaginal calculus

“…MAP calculi are associated with urease‐producing bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , that break down urea to produce ammonia. The urine becomes alkalized and phosphate precipitates, crystallizing MAP 3 . Bacterial infection of the urinary tract may be difficult to avoid in patients with an impaired physical function who develop primary vaginal calculi.…”

Large Vaginal and Bladder Calculi in a Woman With Previous Operation of Bladder Exstrophy: A Case Report

“…In females such calculi occurring in the vagina are uncommon and the diagnosis is difficult, so they are often mistaken for bladder calculi (7). Urethrovaginal fistula is the main etiology of most vaginal calculi and the other etiologies are extremely rare, so primary, struvite calculi are the most reported cases in the literature and are often associated with vesicovaginal fistulas (2, 6). …”

“…Urethrovaginal fistula is the main cause of vaginal calculi and the other etiologies are extremely rare (2). Primary vaginal calculi result from the stasis of urine in the vagina, but secondary vaginal calculi originate from crystallization of urinary components around a foreign body in the vagina (3).…”