Primary vaginal calculus in a woman with urogenital sinus anomaly: a case report

Abstract

Background Primary vaginal calculus is rare and often misdiagnosed due to its low incidence. The formation of primary vaginal calculus is mainly due to the pooling and stasis of urine within the vagina, and associated with urogenital tract abnormalities. Case presentation We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with urogenital sinus anomaly who presented with a vaginal calculus. The patient was not suspected of a calculus in the vagina until the patient suffered amenorrhea and dyspareunia. Pelvic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the patient had urogenital sinus anomaly with vaginal calculus. For the reason, the calculus was removed by surgery, and the reconstruction of vagina and urethra was performed. The postoperative recovery and follow-up were uneventful. Conclusions Although vaginal calculus and urogenital sinus anomaly are extremely rare in literature, the radiologist should be familiar with the imaging appearance of urogenital sinus anomaly, and be aware of the possibility of vaginal calculus.

Vaginal Calculus Formation on Exposed Midurethral Sling Mesh

“…Primary stones, which are most common and often due to fistulae, have been documented in numerous cases including a pediatric patient with a partial vaginal outlet obstruc-tion resulting in poor urinary drainage from the vagina leading to calculus formation [8] and a patient with a urogenital sinus anomaly [5].…”

“…Secondary stone formation, typically preceded by urine stagnation in the vagina [5,9], is exacerbated due to precipitation on a foreign body. Prior case reports of secondary vaginal calculi, as in the current case, have shown stone formation on vaginal tape mesh [10], an intrauterine contraception device [11], and a pessary [12].…”

“…Due to significant variation in presenting symptoms, diagnosis is often delayed or missed [2]. Such symptoms may include dyspareunia [5,6], amenorrhea [5], abdominal pain [5], infertility [4], urinary urgency [2], urinary frequency [2], bleeding [2,3], odor [2], pain [3], dysuria [3], and discharge [3]. Vaginal bleeding, odor, and pain brought the patient described above into the Emergency Department for initial evaluation.…”

“…Vaginal calculi are a rare gynecological finding [1,2]. Stones, which vary in size, usually present as singular and may have a range of presenting symptoms [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Calculi are classified as either primary or secondary.…”

A new method for trans-vaginal extraction of an impacted vaginal calculus: A case report

“…In four lithotripsy was attempted, and in one was abandoned after 6 h and 45 minutes [ 8 ]. None of the other cases reporting lithotripsy documented the operating time [ 2 , 9 , [11] , [12] , [13] ] suggesting they may have been time intensive. Our mechanical approach allows for a more time efficient method which balances out anaesthetic risk and risk of prolonged surgery.…”