Primary Health Care Center (PHCC) Location-Allocation with Multi-Objective Modelling: A Case Study in Idleb, Syria

Abstract

The Syrian crisis began on 15 March 2011. It is one of the bloodiest and complicated conflicts in the world today. Although almost eight years have passed over this tragedy, civilians continue to suffer from conflicts and destructions in the area. As a result, this situation disregards human life and the number of people in need increases day by day. Particularly, people who have to live in the conflict area encounter troubles with regard to health, shelter, food and other needs. Thus, we have focused on identifying the Primary Health Care Center (PHCC) locations within Idleb Governorate in Syria. Data is extracted from a sample containing 23 sub-districts in the governorate and a total of 338 communities. We have formulated a mixed integer-weighted goal programming model and combined it with a Geographic Information System-GIS (ArcMap). The model is solved via an optimization package and moreover, sensitivity analyses are conducted to achieve a more in-depth study. Our aim was to have 60 PHCCs out of 77 available candidate PHCCs and the model located 42 PHCCs in total, by allocating 379,080 people, with a total cost of USD 1,000,353 and a cash for work amounting to USD 163,549. Accordingly, the model’s outputs and sensitivity analyses are expected to help decision-makers in case of such disasters.

Spatial accessibility modeling to healthcare facilities in the case of health shocks of Midnapore municipality, India

“…These studies also shows that every person has an equal chance of being able to access healthcare services. Through information about the demand (Polo et al, 2015 ; Rekha et al, 2017 ; Sedenu et al, 2016 ; Shah et al, 2016 ) for healthcare services and the availability of these services, urban authority can improve their healthcare infrastructure and reduce healthcare inequalities (Kim et al, 2018 ; Lawal & Anyiam, 2019 ; Abdelkarim, 2019 ; Basu et al, 2018 ; Bauer et al, 2020 ; Dutta et al, 2021b ; El Karim & Awawdeh, 2020 ; Gao et al, 2021 ; Maleki Rastaghi et al, 2018 ; Miç et al, 2019 ; Mishra et al, 2021 ; Parry et al, 2018 ; Rekha et al, 2017 ; Shah et al, 2016 ; Shen et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2022 ; Song et al, 2018 ; Subal et al, 2021 ; Vadrevu & Kanjilal, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ). By increasing healthcare facilities and services, poor people are more facilitating socially is expected to improve their quality of life (Moisi et al, 2010 ; Albert & Assad, 2019 ; Dutta et al, 2021a , b ; McGrail & Humphreys, 2014 ).…”

“…For achieving sustainable development goals, the government healthcare policies need to be more generalized to promote health status and socioeconomic development because healthcare facilities and services are uneven due to socioeconomic conditions from the grass-root level in developing countries (Mansour, 2016 ). Developing countries should improve their healthcare services (Asare-akuffo et al, 2019 ; Hosseini et al, 2021 ; Miç et al, 2019 ; Mishra et al, 2021 ; Shaw & Sahoo, 2020 ) due to very high population with low GDP, limited and uneven distribution of healthcare facilities (HCF), and infrastructure also, especially in India (Assad, 2019 ). Due to the rapid growth of urban and suburban areas through continuous migration, demand for healthcare facilities (HCF) is increasing simultaneously (Al-Taiar et al, 2010 ; Delamater et al, 2012 ; Lawal & Anyiam, 2019 ; Maleki Rastaghi et al, 2018 ; Shah et al, 2016 ; Waithaka, 2015 ; W. Zhang et al, 2016 ) and for that reason raise the building of new healthcare facilities (HCF) is considered as one of the most important steps to easily accessible, proficient, and the affordable healthcare system by poor people to achieving the Millennium Development Goals of every government (Lawal & Anyiam, 2019 ; Ajala et al, 2017).…”

“…Despite healthcare facilities and services, during health shocks i.e., acute abdominal conditions, accidents especially in surgical conditions have not been available in primary and most of the time in secondary healthcare facilities. As a result, they are forced for travelling to tertiary healthcare facilities, and then mortality risk will be increased at a considerable level (Kim et al, 2018 ; Miç et al, 2019 ). To ensure public health facilities, the local government should also be involved in the design, rational allocation, and construction of healthcare infrastructures with the compliance of national and state health policies (Moisi et al, 2010 ).…”

İnsani Yardım Depolarının Değerlendirilmesi için Bulanık Mantığın Entegre Edildiği Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yaklaşımı: Suriye’de Bir Uygulama Çalışması

“…The conflict continues more than 9 year in Syria and there are more than 6 million internally displaced people (IDPs) within the country. This means that millions of people are living in hard conditions and seek for healthcare service, sheltering, food, safety and other related vital needs (Miç et al, 2019). Along with the continuous conflict in the country, the observation and control of COVID-19 is more problematic in Syria.…”

A Two-Stage Fuzzy Optimization Model for Urban Land Use: A Case Study of Chongzhou City

“…The mathematical programming model is the optimal allocation scheme determined by mathematical programming theory [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. For example, integer programming [28,29] is used to solve the optimization problem of integer variables. Dynamic programming [30] is used to solve the optimal problem of decision-making processes.…”