Prevention of unhealthy weight in children by promoting physical activity using a socio-ecological approach: What can we learn from intervention studies?
“…Personal attributes and innate characteristics of the individual, such as dietary behaviors, physical activity patterns, and demographic characteristics (gender, socio-economic status, and level of education) have been associated with obesity at the intrapersonal level [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Research has also shown that interpersonal, physical, cultural, and organizational environments are essential for the prevention and control of obesity and that health-related behavioral changes have a high likelihood of lasting if individuals and their entire environment experience these change simultaneously [24,25].…”
Obesity is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factor globally and in African-descent populations. A cross-sectional study of obesity among a Nigerian immigrant sample population in the United States was conducted. Data was obtained through a web-based survey. Spearman's correlation and logistic regression were used to determine sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of obesity. The results showed no significant relationship between obesity and education, socioeconomic status, length of stay, and level of physical activity. However, we identified a significant association between weekly consumption of alcohol and all obesity (OR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.091, 2.919), and moderate/morbid obesity (OR 2.46, 95 % CI 1.213, 4.999), and between gender and moderate/morbid obesity-men were less likely (OR .030, 95 % CI .001, .733) to be obese. These findings provide strong evidence to inform targeted screening for excessive alcohol consumption along with other primary prevention strategies that may reduce the prevalence of obesity among the Nigerian immigrant population.
“…Personal attributes and innate characteristics of the individual, such as dietary behaviors, physical activity patterns, and demographic characteristics (gender, socio-economic status, and level of education) have been associated with obesity at the intrapersonal level [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Research has also shown that interpersonal, physical, cultural, and organizational environments are essential for the prevention and control of obesity and that health-related behavioral changes have a high likelihood of lasting if individuals and their entire environment experience these change simultaneously [24,25].…”
Obesity is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factor globally and in African-descent populations. A cross-sectional study of obesity among a Nigerian immigrant sample population in the United States was conducted. Data was obtained through a web-based survey. Spearman's correlation and logistic regression were used to determine sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of obesity. The results showed no significant relationship between obesity and education, socioeconomic status, length of stay, and level of physical activity. However, we identified a significant association between weekly consumption of alcohol and all obesity (OR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.091, 2.919), and moderate/morbid obesity (OR 2.46, 95 % CI 1.213, 4.999), and between gender and moderate/morbid obesity-men were less likely (OR .030, 95 % CI .001, .733) to be obese. These findings provide strong evidence to inform targeted screening for excessive alcohol consumption along with other primary prevention strategies that may reduce the prevalence of obesity among the Nigerian immigrant population.
“…Parents’ have reported that facilitating regular physical activity is challenging with children who prefer more sedentary activities . Encouraging a child to favour and enjoy active play is often a key objective of physical activity interventions, as children are more likely to participate in physical activities for reasons of fun and enjoyment . When a child participates in an activity that they enjoy, they are more likely to experience increased emotional well‐being and to feel happy and secure .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4 Encouraging a child to favour and enjoy active play is often a key objective of physical activity interventions, as children are more likely to participate in physical activities for reasons of fun and enjoyment. 7,14 When a child participates in an activity that they enjoy, they are more likely to experience increased emotional well-being and to feel happy and secure. 15,16 Children have their own perception of enjoyable play, which often differs from adults' perceptions of what enjoyable play is to children.…”
Issue addressed
A child's preference for active or sedentary play is a key proximal indicator of a child's physical activity behaviour. There is a need to understand children's physical activity preferences in order to make physical play more enjoyable to them, and this may encourage participation and a more positive relationship with physical activity. To date, little research has incorporated the perspectives of young children on this topic. This study specifically examines (a) what activities preschool children prefer; and (b) what children consider to be barriers and facilitators to participating in their preferred activity.
Methods
The authors employed visual methodologies to explore the activity preferences of 29 preschool children. Children were asked to draw their preferred activities and answer a series of open and closed questions about their drawing and what they think are the barriers and facilitators to participating in this activity.
Results
Participants expressed a desire to play unstructured activities with friends or family, to engage in imaginative, challenging play, as well as the opportunity to have control over the activity they engage in. Children reported that rules at home and at preschool, the availability of toys, friends and family and having access to a natural environment served as both barriers and facilitators to participating in their favourite activity.
Conclusions
Listening to children's voices about their play preferences and the barriers and facilitators to engaging in these activities provides important insight into children's play behaviour and the promotion of active play in early childhood. Participants’ desire for more natural features within their play environment and for challenging, unstructured and imaginative play may be considered as facilitators of their engagement in physical activity.
So what?
The current findings suggest the incorporation of unstructured playtime within natural environments could support young children's participation in and increased enjoyment of physical activity.
“…For youth between 2 and 19 years of age, the prevalence of obesity was 17% in 2011 and 2014 (Ogden et al, 2016). Obesity is a result of an energy imbalance in which excess calories are consumed and too few are expended over time, influenced by various genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors (Fiese & Jones, 2012; Kellou, Sandalinas, Copin, & Simon, 2014). Youth with obesity are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, namely high blood pressure or high cholesterol (Dong, Wang, Wang, & Ma, 2015; Saner, Simonetti, Wühl, Mullis, & Janner, 2016), and as children with obesity grow into adolescence, they are at greater risk for prediabetes and diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).…”
Childhood obesity is a serious health issue, associated with medical comorbidity and psychosocial impairment that can persist into adulthood. In the United States, youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities are more likely to be obese than youth without disabilities. A large body of evidence supports the efficacy of family-based treatment of childhood obesity, including diet, physical activity, and behavior modification, but few interventions have been developed and evaluated specifically for this population. We highlight studies on treatment of obesity among youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including both residential/educational settings as well as outpatient/hospital settings. All interventions were delivered in-person, and further development of promising approaches and delivery via telenursing may increase access by youth and families. Nursing scientists can assume an important role in overcoming barriers to care for this vulnerable and underserved population.
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