Preventing bacterial adhesion on scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Abstract:Bone implant infection constitutes a major sanitary concern which is associated to high morbidity and health costs. This manuscript focused on overviewing the main research efforts committed up to date to develop innovative alternatives to conventional treatments, such as those with antibiotics. These strategies mainly rely on chemical modifications of the surface of biomaterials, such as providing it of zwitterionic nature, and tailoring the nanostructure surface of metal implants. These surface modifications have successfully allowed inhibition of bacterial adhesion, which is the first step to implant infection, and preventing long-term biofilm formation compared to pristine materials. These strategies could be easily applied to provide three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on bioceramics and metals, of which its manufacture using rapid prototyping techniques was reviewed. This opens the gates for the design and development of advanced 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering to prevent bone implant infections. Keywords: Antibacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, zwitterionic surfaces, nanostructured surfaces, rapid prototyping 3D scaffolds, bone tissue engineering.

Silane Modified Diopside for Improved Interfacial Adhesion and Bioactivity of Composite Scaffolds

“…The MG-63 cells line was incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% ( v / v ) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin under the atmosphere of 5% CO 2 at 37 °C. Prior to cell seeding, all the scaffolds were rinsed using 70% ethanol, and then cleaned three times after being sterilizing under ultraviolet for 30 min [ 46 ]. Afterwards, the cells were seed on the composite scaffolds at the density of 20,000 cells/well and incubated in the 12-well plate for different periods (1, 4 and 7 days).…”

Preparation of PVA/Chitosan samples by electrospinning and film casting methods and evaluating the effect of surface morphology on their antibacterial behavior

“…Adhesion of bacteria to surfaces is the first stage of colonization and biofilm formation. It has been shown that the surface topography plays an important role in bacterial attachment and hence biofilm formation [37][38][39]. In this paper, using an identical composition for film-casting sample (A) and electrospun sample (B), we attempted to evaluate the effect of morphology on antibacterial activity of samples.…”

Nanomaterials as Promising Alternative in the Infection Treatment

“…An example of the first approach is the design of antibiofouling surfaces, made by altering their chemical and/or physical properties to make them highly unfavorable for the bacteria attachment and subsequent biofilm formation [31,32,33,34,35]. In this sense, the main requirement of this kind of surface in biomedical applications, particularly in bone tissue regeneration, is that at the same time the surface inhibits bacterial adhesion it also allows cell adhesion, which leads to integration of the bone implant or regeneration of the bone tissue [33,36].…”