Prevalência de transtornos mentais nas tentativas de suicídio em um hospital de emergência no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract

Há poucos estudos nacionais sobre prevalência de transtornos mentais nas tentativas de suicídio, os quais utilizararam principalmente dados secundários e instrumentos de rastreamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais em 96 casos de tentativas de suicídio atendidos em hospital de emergência, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2006-2007), utilizando o Composite International Development Interview. A maioria da amostra consistiu em mulheres, jovens, baixa escolaridade e ingestão de medicamentos psicoativos como principal meio. Outros fatores: histórias prévias de tentativa e uso de álcool no momento do agravo. Os transtornos mentais mais freqüentes foram: episódio depressivo (38,9%), dependência de substâncias psicoativas (21,9%), transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (20,8%), dependência de álcool (17,7%) e esquizofrenia (15,6%). A taxa total dos transtornos mentais foi de 71,9%. Tais achados são mais próximos aos estudos em países em desenvolvimento. Além do acesso ao tratamento dos transtornos mentais, são necessárias políticas públicas que enfatizem o controle de meios e respostas sociais à redução do comportamento suicida.

Suicídios e tentativas de suicídios por intoxicação exógena no Rio de Janeiro: análise dos dados dos sistemas oficiais de informação em saúde, 2006-2008*

“…These findings are in agreement with the literature 5,13,21,30 . With regard to these differences, the literature emphasizes that men use more deadly methods and, for this reason, are more successful in their suicide attempts.…”

“…However, this difficulty did not prevent pieces of evidence pointed out by other authors 5,9,14 , such as the impact of easy access to a type of rodenticide known as chumbinho, from being corroborated.…”

“…In the state of Rio de Janeiro, carbamate and organophosphate pesticides are usually found in a substance popularly known as chumbinho, which is often sold illegally as rodenticide and also used in suicide attempts and suicides 5,9,14 . However, in general, there were no differences between chumbinho and other pesticides in suicide cases and the ratio remained at 1:1 (CCInNiterói and Sinan).…”

“…In the state of Rio de Janeiro, few studies have been performed to investigate suicides and suicide attempts by exogenous intoxication. Studies conducted in two general emergency hospitals found a higher frequency of use of pesticides (between 33% and 52%) and medications (39%) in both services 5,9 . Due to the scarce knowledge about the magnitude and profile of exogenous intoxications in cases of suicides and suicide attempts in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the present study aimed to describe the profile of suicides and suicide attempts by exogenous intoxication and the comprehensiveness of information recorded in the Centro de Controle …”

“…Exogenous intoxication is one of the three main means used in suicides and suicide attempts and intoxication occurred in approximately 70% of cases [2][3][4][5] . National and international studies showed that the main substances used in these events are pesticides, which varied between 60% and 90%, mainly in developing countries, whereas medications ranged between 12% and 60% and were more frequent in developed countries 3,[5][6][7][8][9][10] . In the state of Rio de Janeiro, few studies have been performed to investigate suicides and suicide attempts by exogenous intoxication.…”