Prevalence of β‐Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Retail Meat in Turkey

Abstract

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli have been shown to be present in humans and animals representing a significant problem worldwide. This study aimed to search the presence of ESBL and/or AmpC-producing E. coli in retail meats (chicken and beef) in Turkey. A total of 88 β-lactamase-producing E. coli were isolated from chicken (n = 81/100) and beef meat (n = 7/100) samples and their susceptibility to several antimicrobials were tested using disc diffusion method. E. coli isolates were further characterized for their phylogenetic groups. β-Lactamase encoding (blaTEM , blaSHV , blaOXA , blaCTX-M , and blaAmpC ) and quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and acc(6')-Ib-cr) were also secreened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, in regard to β-lactamase genes, 84 of 88 isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-1 (n = 39), blaCTX-M-3 (n = 5), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), blaTEM-1b (n = 2), blaSHV-12 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-1 /blaTEM-1b (n = 10), blaCTX-M-1 /blaTEM-1b /blaSHV-5 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-1 /blaCMY-2 (n = 1) and blaTEM-1b /blaCMY-2 (n = 6), blaCTX-M-15 /blaSHV-12 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-15 /blaTEM-1b (n = 1), blaTEM-1b /blaSHV-12 (n = 1), and blaCMY-2 (n = 12) genes. Resistance to cefuroxime (75.6% and 85.7%), nalidixic acid (89% and 85.7%), tetracycline (91.4% and 100%), streptomycin (40.2% and 100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (36.6% and 85.7%) was observed among strains isolated from chicken and beef, respectively. However, all isolates were found to be susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, and cefepime. Resistance to ampicillin and cefoxitin was significantly linked to blaCMY-2 gene, while there was a significant correlation between CTX-M type ESBL and antimicrobial resistance to cefuroxime and streptomycin (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that raw chicken retail meats are highly contaminated with ESBL-producing E. coli implementing a great risk to human health in Turkey.

Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in Turkey: Recent insights

“…In order to assess the variation among ESBL‐EC isolates we conducted phlo‐typing method as well as PFGE. As consisting with the previous findings (Pehlivanlar Önen et al, ), phylo‐group B 2 , that has been identified as the pathogenic strain to humans, was identified only in few isolates from both samples, whereas the majority of isolates belonged to phylo‐group D, which was identified as the low virulent group (Clermont et al, ). Our results are in line with other studies that identified the low virulent groups commonly from foods of animal origins (Egea et al, ; Mo, Slettemeås, Berg, Norström, & Sunde, ; Tansawai, Sanguansermsri, Na‐udom, Walsh, & Niumsup, ).…”

“…ESBL‐EC have been frequently isolated from the foods of animal origins such as chicken meat, fish and raw milk (Brahmi et al, ; Odenthal, Akineden, & Usleber, ; Pehlivanlar Önen, Aslantaş, Yılmaz, & Kürekci, ), which resulted in great attention to study the molecular epidemiology of ESBL‐EC strains for human illnesses during the last decade. Even though the exact source of ESBL‐EC strains for human infections has not been clearly understood yet, a series of experiments have presented convincing evidence implicating contaminated foods of animal origin as possible route of transmission to humans (Leverstein van Hall et al, ; Zurfluh et al, ).…”

Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in dogs

“…CTX-M-15 is also the most commonly reported enzyme type in E. coli isolates from human clinical samples [2, 13, 19]. Recent studies in Turkey shows presence of this enzyme among ESBL producing E. coli isolates in cattle and retail meat [3, 37]. To a lesser extent, CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-1, were detected in nine and three isolates alone, also eight and 12 isolates in combination with other β-lactamase genes, respectively.…”

“…Among the CMY family, CMY-2 type is most frequently encountered around the world. In Turkey, CMY-2 producing E. coli has been reported in humans, cattle and retail meats [3, 37, 52]. …”

Sığırlarda GSBL ve AmpC Sentezleyen Escherichia coli’nin Prevalansı ve Karakterizasyonu

“…In their study, the authors detected only OXA-10 and SHV-5 as ESBL enzymes together with TEM-1. Recently, Önen et al [22] reported higher contamination rate of chicken meat with ESBL producing E. coli, but low contamination rate for beef meat (7%) in Turkey. In contrast, Başaran Kahraman et al [23] , who investigated the presence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase producing E. coli from faecal samples of broiler and egg-type healthy chicken belonging to 43 flocks, reported prevalence of ESBL and AmpC producers as 7.8% and 3.6%, respectively.…”