Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan and implications for the future

Riaz, Humayun; Finlayson, Alexander; Bashir, Sajid; Hussain, Syed Sajjad; Mahmood, Sajid; Malik, Farnaz; Godman, Brian

doi:10.1586/17512433.2016.1122519

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Among the respondents 54.3% were found deficient in vitamin D and 35.8% were insufficient only 9.9% were with normal levels of vitamin D. This result was nearly similar with a study conducted by Riaz et al on 4830 randomly selected citizens of Pakistan found that 53.5% Vitamin D had deficient levels, 31.2% were found with insufficient levels and only 15.3% showed normal serum level. 9 In our study deficiency of vitamin D level was found highest (71.9%) in age group 71-80 years and insufficient (57.3%) was found in 21-30 years age group. Different picture was found in a Bangladeshi study done by Hossain HT et al; Highest percentage (37.5%) of severely deficient vitamin D level (<10 ng/ml) was found in 31-50 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

A study on vitamin D level among the patients attending in a private chamber in Dhaka city

Eva¹,

Begum²,

Kabir³

et al. 2020

Northern Int. Med. Coll. J.

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Background : Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most neglected public health issues all over the world. Near about 1 billion people round the world suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Most of the countries in Asia having high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.Objective : To find the vitamin D level among the patients attending in a private chamber in Dhaka city Methodology : A cross sectional observation study was carried out in a renowned diagnostic center of Dhaka city from July 2017 to June 2018. A sample of 1523 adult patients aged 18 years and above, presented with generalized body aches and pains selected conveniently for the study. Blood samples were taken and serum vitamin D levels were measured. In this study, vitamin D concentration below10 ng/ml was considered as vitamin D deficiency, 20-30 ng/ml as insufficiency, and 30-100 ng/ml as vitamin D sufficient. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.Result : Out of 1523 patients 69.5% were women and 30.5% men. Urban and rural distribution was 63.16% and 36.84% respectively. Among the participants vitamin D deficiency was 54%, 35.8% vitamin D insufficient, and only 9.8% had normal level of vitamin D, regarding age specific deficiency highest 71.8% was in 71-80 years age group. Out of 1058 female 39.5% were vitamin D deficient, 45.6% had insufficient vitamin D level. Only 14.9% female were found normal level. Age specific deficiency found highest 63.8% in 61-70 year age group. On the other hand out of 465 male participants, 24% were vitamin D deficient, 34% were insufficient and 42% had normal level vitamin D. Highest deficiency 42.5% found in age group 61-70years. Conclusion :Considering the study result deficiency was higher among female than male. In female vitamin D deficiency increased after age of 31year. Vitamin D deficiency found highest in old age and middle age group. Over all age specific deficiency found significantly highest in 71 -80 years. In both male and female Vitamin D deficiency was found highest above 61years of age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

A study on vitamin D level among the patients attending in a private chamber in Dhaka city

Eva¹,

Begum²,

Kabir³

et al. 2020

Northern Int. Med. Coll. J.

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“…Pakistan is a sundrenched South Asian country with cutaneous production of vitamin D possible throughout the year. However, the recent national nutrition survey of Pakistan reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [16][17][18]. Studies exploring vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan have identified it to be widespread among various segments of the population including asymptomatic adult population, ambulatory patients, mothers and their newborns [16,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university students in Pakistan

2020

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Background: Pakistan has one of the highest reported incidence of vitamin D deficiency in studies conducted worldwide. However, there has been very limited exploration of vitamin D related knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthy youth in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among youth (aged > 16 years) from two engineering universities in Pakistan. Participants were asked questions on their concern about vitamin D levels, testing, and supplementation practices. Knowledge was examined using questions about food sources, health benefits and factors affecting vitamin D production within the human body. Of the 900 eligible students invited to participate, 505 (56%) completed the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Results: Only 9% participants were able to identify the correct food sources of vitamin D, 33% were aware of the bone health benefits (bone health and calcium absorption) of vitamin D and 36% identified sunlight exposure as a factor influencing vitamin D production. Knowledge about food sources and health benefits of vitamin D was not associated with gender and individuals concern about their levels. Those tested and taking supplements were more likely to identify bone related health benefits and factors affecting vitamin D production. Forty percent male and 52% female students expressed concern that their vitamin D levels were too low. However, 72% participants reported that they had never been tested for vitamin D levels. Use of supplements was significantly higher among female students (F = 52% vs M = 37%; P = 0.003). Those who had been tested for vitamin D deficiency were more likely to take supplements. Conclusion: Despite being identified as a high-risk population, knowledge about vitamin D was limited among university students. Interventions are needed to increase awareness about the importance of vitamin D for health, including the need for exposure to sunlight and adequate dietary intake of vitamin D. Our study provides much needed baseline evidence for making health-policy recommendations for this vulnerable population group.

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“…9 Another study in Pakistan also showed high levels of deficiency among all age groups, genders, income levels, and locations. Amongst the selected citizens, 53.5% had vitamin D deficiency, 31.2% had insufficient vitamin D, and only 15.3% normal vitamin D. 10 High rates of biochemical vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency among healthy individuals have been reported in large-scale studies from all parts of the world (the United States, Canada, South America, Europe, Australia, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa). Severe vitamin D deficiency is common in China, India, South America, and the Middle East.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Profile of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Individuals Attending Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka

2018

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Background: In the last two decades, there has been increasing interest in the biology of vitamin D and a growing recognition is that vitamin D deficiency is common in tropical countries 25-OH vitamin D level in serum was estimated by electro-chemiluminescence on Cobas Elecsys e411 fully automated system on the day of collection. This method has been standardized against LC-MS/MS which in turn has been standardized to the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA). The functional sensitivity was determined to be 4.01 ng/mL (CV 18.5%). Vitamin D deficiency is defined as 25(OH) D <50 nmol/L, insufficiency as 50-75 nmol/L and sufficiency as ≥75 nmol/L and toxicity >375 nmol/L. The definition of vitamin D status was based on the recommendation of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) for vitamin D.

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Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan and implications for the future

Cited by 64 publications

References 60 publications

A study on vitamin D level among the patients attending in a private chamber in Dhaka city

A study on vitamin D level among the patients attending in a private chamber in Dhaka city

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university students in Pakistan

Profile of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Individuals Attending Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka

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