Prevalence of urinary incontinence.

Abstract

or placebo (table I); the serum potassium concentration showed a statistically significant decrease during treatment with chlorthalidone and chlorthalidone combined with atenolol as compared with during the atenolol or placebo period (table II); and plasma renin activity rose with chlorthalidone and decreased with atenolol, though this was not statistically significant (table II).These findings have important implications. Beta-blockers alone are ineffective in black hypertensive patients, and thiazides rather than beta-blockers should be the baseline treatment of hypertension. When beta-blockers are used in black hypertensive patients they should initially be combined with a thiazide diuretic. Prevalence of urinary incontinence THELMA M THOMAS, KAY R PLYMAT, JANET BLANNIN, T W MEADE Summary and conclusionsThe prevalence of urinary incontinence was investigated by determining the number of incontinent patients under the care of various health and social service agencies in two London boroughs and by a postal survey of the 22 430 people aged 5 years and over on the practice lists of 12 general practitioners in different parts of the country. The prevalence of incontinence known to the health and social service agencies was 0 2% in women and 0 1% in men aged 15-64 and 2-5% in women and 1 3% in men aged 65 and over. The postal survey, to which 89% of the people whose correct address was known replied, showed a prevalence of urinary incontinence of 8 5% in women and 1-6% in men aged 15-64 and 116% in women and 6 9% in men aged 65 and over. Nulliparous women had a lower prevalence than those who had had one, two, or three babies, but within the parity range of one to three there were no differences in prevalence. The prevalence was appreciably increased in women who had had four or more babies. Incontinence was moderate or severe in a fifth of those who reported it in the postal survey, of whom less than a third were receiving health or social services for the condition. Incontinence is a common symptom, and many unrecognised cases appear to exist. There may be considerable scope for improving its management.

Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in young and middle-aged women

“…In some studies de®ning UI as an uncontrolled urine loss with no regard to severity or frequency [13, 25,32,35,36], the reported prevalence was 12±51%, and in others using a de®nition of UI including the number of incontinent episodes [11,15,34], the reported prevalence was 10±58.4%. Thomas et al [15] de®ned UI as leakage at least twice a month, and reported a prevalence of 10%; with a similar de®nition, some [11] reported a prevalence of 58%. Thus the prevalence of UI is very variable according to its de®nition, and in some studies using the ICS de®nition [37] of UI (`a condition where involuntary leakage is a social or hygienic problem'), with no regard to the frequency or the quantity of urine lost [5,6,12,33], the reported prevalence was 12±44%.…”

Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy

“…The role of recurrent urinary infections and pelvic floor trauma from vaginal deliveries is well recognised 3,4 . Several other factors, such as body mass index (BMI), smoking and caffeine consumption, have also been associated with the risk of urinary incontinence 5,6 .…”

Does capture‐recapture analysis provide more reliable estimates of the incidence and prevalence of leg ulcers in the community?

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] The simplest case involves two captures or lists, which must be assumed independent. If n 1 individuals from a given population appear on the first list, n 2 on the second list and n 12 appear on both lists, then mathematical considerations lead to an estimate of the total population of N=(n 1 n 2 )/n 12 -the so-called Petersen estimator.…”

“…The method is called capture-recapture analysis, and is derived from animal abundance studies in which animals are captured, tagged, released, then recaptured. 5 The method is increasingly Article applied to studies of human populations, [6][7][8][9][10][11] although there is no evidence that this method of analysis has been used in the f ield of leg ulcer research. In order to obtain estimates of the number of leg ulcer cases in a New Zealand population, the Auckland Leg Ulcer CrossSectional Study was conducted.…”