Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy

Abstract

on behalf of VIVA Study Group A list of VIVA members is provided on page 932Objective To assess risk factors for different type of urinary incontinence -stress, urge or mixed -and overactive bladder without urinary incontinence. Design Case -control study. Setting Gynaecology clinics.Population Women attending first level gynaecological centres.Methods Cases were 1062 women with urinary incontinence or overactive bladder aged 40 years or more (mean age 62.3 years, range 40 -88) consecutively observed in first level gynaecological centres. Controls were 1143 women (mean age 58 years, range 40-86) observed in the same centre after the identification of the cases, without any symptoms related to urinary incontinence or overactive bladder. Main outcome measures Determinants of different types of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder.Results The risk of urinary incontinence was lower in more educated patients and increased with body mass index (BMI). The number of vaginal births was associated with the risk of stress and mixed urinary incontinence, but not urge urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. In comparison with nulliparae, the odds ratios (OR) for stress and mixed urinary incontinence were 5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-15.0) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 -2.6), respectively, for women reporting one or two vaginal birth and 5.1 (95% CI 1.8 -14.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 -3.7), respectively, for three or more. A history of operative vaginal delivery was directly associated with the risk of stress and mixed urinary incontinence and increased the risk of urge urinary incontinence and of overactive bladder, but the latter ORs were not statistically significant. When compared with women with no birth, a history of caesarean section increased the risk of stress urinary incontinence. A history of hysterectomy, recurrent urinary infection and perineal trauma increased the risk of all types of urinary incontinence. Conclusions Vaginal births increased the risk of stress and mixed urinary incontinence, but not of urge urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. The risk of all types of urinary incontinence was increased in women with higher BMI, with a history of hysterectomy, urinary infection and perineal traumas. These factors were not related to the risk of overactive bladder.

Risk factors for urinary incontinence in Taiwanese women aged 60 or over

“…In accordance with previous studies [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14], hysterectomy in this study showed a particular increase in the risk of developing UI. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of UI regarding the route the surgery took, i.e., either transvaginally or transabdominally.…”

“…Most epidemiological studies for risk factors of UI also reveal that increasing BMI is positively related to the prevalence of UI [2,[9][10][11][12][15][16][17]. Nevertheless, there were some studies that showed that the increased risk for incontinence was not due to differences in weight [5][6][7].…”

Related factors of urge, stress, mixed urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in reproductive age womenin Tabriz, Iran: a cross-sectional study

“…Data were collected by a questionnaire containing two sets. In the first part, data about UI and OVB were obtained by using UDI-6 and the following questions [2,7,8].…”

“…and "Have you had any urgency symptoms? ", but (2) answering 'no' to the question "Have you had any involuntary urinary loss during the last month? ".…”

“…Although various studies have revealed several possible risk factors, only a few have been rigorously studied and investigated in any age group separately in strata of different types of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder [2,3]. Most studies have focused on risk factors for urinary incontinence in older women, and limited data are available in women of reproductive age.…”