Prevalence of the
 
 vanB2
 Gene Cluster in VanB Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland and Its Association with a Tn
 5382
 -Like Element

McGregor, Karen F.; Nolan, Carla; Young, H; Palepou, Marie-France I.; Tysall, Luke; Woodford, Neil

doi:10.1128/aac.45.1.367-368.2001

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a study conducted in Korea, 20% (5 of 25) of VREF isolates are found to harbor Tn5382 (9,11). A higher frequency (65% to 87.5%) has been reported in VREF isolates from the United States and Europe (4,8,14). Surprisingly, all 32 (100%) VREF isolates examined in this study are found to harbor Tn5382.…”

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confidence: 48%

The vanB2 Gene Cluster of the Majority of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Taiwan Is Associated with the pbp5 Gene and Is Carried by Tn 5382 Containing a Novel Insertion Sequence

Chang

Perng

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Thirty-two vanB2 Enterococcus faecium isolates were found to harbor Tn5382. Twenty-four isolates had a 1,419-bp sequence inserted within the open reading frame (ORF) C of Tn5382. This 1,419-bp sequence contained a 638-bp ORF with a 72% amino acid sequence homology with the transposase gene of IS150. Thirty isolates had the pbp5 gene linked to Tn5382.Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen in many parts of the world (1, 11). Two main vancomycin resistance phenotypes, VanA and VanB, exist (1,11,12). The VanB-type resistance is encoded by the vanB gene cluster (6). A 64-kb transposable element, Tn1547, bound by IS16-and IS256-like elements, has been shown to transpose the vanB gene cluster from the chromosome to plasmids (15, 16). A 27-kb transposon, Tn5382, containing the vanB gene cluster has also been described (2,7,17). To determine whether the vanB gene cluster in vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) isolates from Taiwan is also carried by transposons, we examined VREF isolates for the presence of transposable elements that carry the vanB2 gene cluster.Thirty-two clinical isolates of VREF collected from five different hospitals in Taiwan from May 1995 to October 1997 were studied. These isolates were previously determined to harbor the vanB2 gene cluster (13), and their vancomycin MICs were determined to be in the range of 3 to Ͼ256 g/ml. Twenty-six (81.25%) isolates were highly resistant to vancomycin (MICs of >128 g/ml); 31 isolates were also resistant to ampicillin. E. faecalis CDCV583 containing Tn1547, IS16, and IS256 and E. faecium TUH2-18 containing Tn5382 and the pbp5 gene were used as control strains for the study of mobile genetic elements (5).Two regions, designated region I and region II, within Tn5382 were amplified by PCR (Fig. 1). Region I was a 311-bp area located 246 bp downstream from the left (nonintegrase) end of Tn5382 and was amplified with primers 362F and 650R. Region II was amplified with primers VB6564F and Tn5382R and encompassed the area between the last gene (vanX B ) of the vanB2 gene cluster and the integrase gene of Tn5382, with an expected size of 2,718 bp (Table 1). All 32 VREF isolates were positive for both PCRs (Table 2). Four isolates had an expanded region I (1,922 bp) and a normal region II. The 1,922-bp region I PCR products from four VREF isolates were

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confidence: 48%

The vanB2 Gene Cluster of the Majority of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Taiwan Is Associated with the pbp5 Gene and Is Carried by Tn 5382 Containing a Novel Insertion Sequence

Chang

Perng

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…These putative conjugative transposons are thus designated Tn5382-like. Several studies suggest that the vanB2 operon is the most prevalent vanB subtype and that it is universally present as an integral part of Tn5382-like elements (5,11,23). Although molecular evidence for precise chromosomal or plasmid insertions of a vanB2 Tn5382-like element in enterocooci has been presented (3,6,11), direct evidence for conjugative transposition of Tn5382-like elements has not been given (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transferable vanB2 Tn 5382 -Containing Elements in Fecal Streptococcal Strains from Veal Calves

Hegstad

Sundsfjord

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Three vancomycin-resistant veal calf fecal streptococci, identified as Streptococcus gallolyticus (n ‫؍‬ 2) and Streptococcus lutetiensis, were shown to harbor vanB2 Tn5382-like elements earlier described in enterococci. One S. gallolyticus strain had a 1,495-bp IS256-related element inserted in vanS B . The vanB2 Tn5382 element present in the plasmid-free S. lutetiensis strain was transferable to Enterococcus faecium BM4105-RF, Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2, and its recombination-deficient derivative, UV202. The transfer frequencies were comparable between recipient strains (from 1 ؋ 10 ؊7 to 7 ؋ 10 ؊6 ). All transconjugants acquired a vanB-containing chromosomal insert of approximately 100 kb, apparently by site-specific integration. Secondary transconjugants were not observed in intraspecies retransfer experiments. These observations are consistent with a conjugative, selftransmissible, integrative element that might be involved in the interspecies spread of vanB2 resistance determinants. Two JH2-2-derived transconjugants had also gained additional copies of large vanBcontaining chromosomal fragments, a process that involves unexplained mechanisms that seems to require functional host cell-dependent recombination mechanisms.The vanB gene cluster is a common cause of transferable high-level vancomycin resistance in human clinical enterococci worldwide (3,5,6,19,(31)(32)(33)40). Its origin remains unknown. The host range and mechanisms for intercellular spread are only partially understood. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are the main enterococcal hosts, but vanB has also been described in Enterococcus gallinarum (16,35) and Enterococcus durans (18). Nonenterococcal reservoirs have also been reported, such as three fecal veal calf strains of Streptococcus gallolyticus (25) and one human fecal Streptococcus bovis isolate (27). Recently, the vanB2 gene cluster was identified in a human fecal Eggerthella lenta-related strain and in a nonidentified human fecal Clostridium species (37).The vanB operons described so far seem to have a conserved order of genes (vanR B , vanS B , vanY B , vanW, vanH B , vanB, and vanX B ). Due to sequence diversity, they can be divided in at least three distinct subtypes, vanB1 to B3, indicating different origins (7,8,11,24).Intra-and interspecies transfer of the vanB operon has been linked to the movement of large (90 to 250 kb) chromosomal fragments or conjugative plasmids (3,5,6,(31)(32)(33)40). Recently, the 34-kb vanB2-containing Tn1549, which is similar to the Tn916-Tn1545 family of conjugative transposons, was completely sequenced (11). Tn1549 appears to be similar to the earlier described and partially sequenced Tn5382 (3). These putative conjugative transposons are thus designated Tn5382-like. Several studies suggest that the vanB2 operon is the most prevalent vanB subtype and that it is universally present as an integral part of Tn5382-like elements (5, 11, 23). Although molecular evidence for precise chromosomal or plasmid insertions of a vanB2 Tn5382-like elem...

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“…Similar to the vanA gene, the vanB gene cluster is also a significant cause of transferable high-level vancomycin resistance in human clinical enterococci worldwide (McGregor et al 2001, Werner et al 2008. However, its origin remains unknown and the mechanisms involved in its intercellular transmission are only partially understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Based on the sequence diversity of the vanB ligase gene, three subtypes have been described: vanB1, vanB2 and vanB3 (Patel et al 1998). Epidemiological studies of human clinical isolates from both hospital and community settings indicate a higher prevalence of vanB2 among the vanB subtypes (McGregor & Young 2000, McGregor et al 2001, López et al 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

Emergence and characterisation of vanB vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Merquior

Faria

Rocha

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Prevalence of the vanB2 Gene Cluster in VanB Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland and Its Association with a Tn 5382 -Like Element

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The vanB2 Gene Cluster of the Majority of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Taiwan Is Associated with the pbp5 Gene and Is Carried by Tn 5382 Containing a Novel Insertion Sequence

The vanB2 Gene Cluster of the Majority of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Taiwan Is Associated with the pbp5 Gene and Is Carried by Tn 5382 Containing a Novel Insertion Sequence

Transferable vanB2 Tn 5382 -Containing Elements in Fecal Streptococcal Strains from Veal Calves

Emergence and characterisation of vanB vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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