Prevalence of Stigma and Discrimination Amongst Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender Women (Waria) in Bali, Indonesia

Septarini, Ni Wayan; Chih, HuiJun; Hendriks, Jacqueline; Maycock, Bruce; Burns, Sharyn

doi:10.1080/00918369.2023.2174470

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is well-known that sexual minorities experience stigma and discrimination worldwide (23)(24)(25). In Brazil, the underestimation of MSM and WSW size estimates based on the self-declared sexual orientation suggests that gay and bisexual communities experience various psychological challenges related to their sexuality and gender identity disclosure (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Szwarcwald,

Pascom,

Júnior

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Population surveys involving the monitoring of high-risk sexual behavior have been recognized as important public health tools to control the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods Using data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey (PCAP-2013) and from the National Health Survey (PNS), indicators of sexual behavior were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics, including size (%) estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). To compare PCAP and PNS proportional distributions, the Pearson's chi-square test, adjusted by the Rao-Scott’s correction, was applied. Using data from the PNS-2019, experience of violence (verbal, physical, and sexual) was analyzed according to sexual orientation. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic regression models using each type of violence as the response variable and sexual orientation (heterosexual, homosexual/bisexual) as the independent variable.Results Size (%) estimates of MSM and WSW, obtained by direct questions from the PCAP-2013, showed lower homosexuality prevalence estimates than those resulting from the PNS-2019 self-declared sexual orientation. Significant differences were found between the MSM proportions according to the PCAP-2013 (3.7%; 95% CI 3.1–4.4%) and to the PNS-2019 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.9–2.5), and between the WSW proportions (4.6%; 95% CI 4.0-5.4%) and (2.1%; 95% CI 1.8–2.4), respectively. Regarding condom use at last sexual intercourse, no differences between the PCAP-2013 and the PNS-2019 estimates were found at the national level, but significant improvements were found for MSM, people aged 18–24 and 25–34 years, and individuals not living with a partner. Violence-related indicators showed that over 40% of homosexual/bisexual men and women have suffered some type of violence in the past 12 months. Regarding sexual violence, at least once in a lifetime, prevalence was 18.1% among MSM, with 10-fold greater odds (9.9; 95% CI 6.7–14.8) than that of heterosexual men. Among WSW, prevalence was 25.6%, with an estimated OR of 3.3 (95% CI 2.4–4.3).Conclusions The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring HIV/STI risk-related practices and violence experienced by sexual minorities at subnational levels in order to strengthen public policies focused on overcoming the persistent homophobic prejudice in the Brazilian society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Szwarcwald,

Pascom,

Júnior

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Qualitative research on the best way to question sexual orientation recommended the use of multiple categories (lesbian, gay, homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual, transgender, etc.) with the possibility of selecting multiple options [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

et al. 2023

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Background Population surveys involving the monitoring of high-risk sexual behavior have been recognized as important public health tools to control the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods Using data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey (PCAP-2013) and from the National Health Survey (PNS-2019), indicators of sexual behavior were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics among individuals aged 18–64 years, including size (%) estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Specifically, the PNS-2019 prevalence estimates of homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual males and females were compared with those from the PCAP-2013. To compare PCAP and PNS proportional distributions, the Pearson's chi-square test, adjusted by the Rao-Scott’s correction, was applied. Results Size (%) estimates of MSM and WSW obtained by direct questions from the PCAP-2013, showed higher homosexuality prevalence estimates than those resulting from the PNS-2019 self-declared sexual orientation. Significant differences were found between the MSM proportions according to the PCAP-2013 (3.7%; 95% CI 3.1–4.4%) and to the PNS-2019 (2.2%; 95% CI 1.9–2.5), and between the WSW proportions (4.6%; 95% CI 4.0–5.4%) and (2.1%; 95% CI 1.8–2.4), respectively. Results from both surveys showed MSM and WSW prevalence estimates increase with educational level, decrease with age, and is larger among people who do not live with partner, live in urban areas and in state capitals. Regarding condom use at last sexual intercourse, no differences between the PCAP-2013 and the PNS-2019 estimates were found at the national level, but significant improvements were found for MSM, people aged 18–24 and 25–34 years, and individuals not living with a partner. Conclusions The underestimation of MSM and WSW prevalence by self-declared sexual orientation suggests that sexual minorities face many difficulties related to disclosing their sexuality and reinforces the importance of developing public health interventions for changing population attitudes and promoting sexual orientation disclosure. Moreover, the low use of condoms in both surveys (PCAP-2013 and PNS-2019) carried out 6 years apart highlights the need of public policies to expand prevention strategies for HIV infection and other STIs.

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The global prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nouri,

Moradi,

Moradi

2023

Eur J Med Res

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Background This study aimed to determine the global prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among men who have sex with men (MSM) as a systematic review, and meta-analysis. Methods For this meta-analysis, a search in four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE) was designed, and performed. In the next step, the information extraction checklist was prepared based on the study authors’ opinions, and the quality of the articles was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) checklist. Data meta-analysis was performed using STATA16 software with a significance level below 0.05. Results The results showed the prevalence of suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among MSM was 21% (95% CI 17%-26%), and 12% (95% CI 8%-17%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation in the population of MSM living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was 40% (95% CI 35%–45%), and the prevalence of suicide attempts among MSM with HIV was 10% (95% CI 1%–27%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation in European MSM, and the prevalence of suicide attempts among American MSM were higher than other MSM in other geographical areas. Conclusion Considering that the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among these people is many times higher than that among men in the general population, developing programs for the prevention of mental disorders with special attention to suicide is necessary for these people. Screening programs are also recommended for early diagnosis and prevention of suicide among these people.

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Prevalence of Stigma and Discrimination Amongst Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender Women (Waria) in Bali, Indonesia

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Sexual Behavior, Self-declaration of Sexual Orientation, and Violence Experience: National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Sexual behavior and self-declaration of sexual orientation among people 18–64 years in Brazil: results from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey, 2013 and the National Health Survey, 2019

The global prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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