Prevalence of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Impaired Fasting Glycemia, and Diabetes in Selected Villages of Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Aims/Introduction. To know the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glycemia and diabetes in the population of Bali.Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study enrolling 1840 subjects, aged 13-100 years with male-to-female ratio of 972/868, were studied at seven villages across the island of Bali.Results: The prevalence of central obesity was 35% (male, 27.5%; female, 43.4%); metabolic syndrome (MS), 18.2% (male, 16.6%; female, 20.0%); impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), 13.1% (male, 14.3%; female, 12.4%); and diabetes mellitus (DM), 5.9% (male, 6.1%; female, 5.7%). The subjects who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 components of MS were 34.6%, 23.8%, 13.0%, 4.3%, and 0.9% respectively. The population in two tourist areas (Legian and Ubud) had the highest prevalence of central obesity (61.2% and 70.1%), but they did not necessarily have a higher prevalence of DM. The two tourist areas (Legian, 24.1%; and Ubud, 21%) as well as Sangsit village (23.3%) have the highest prevalence of MS.Conclusions. The prevalence of obesity, MS, IFG and DM were comparatively low. Analysis across the villages revealed that higher prevalence of central obesity was not necessarily associated with higher prevalence of DM. There is a need to further study the risk of obesity on MS and DM in tourist areas of Bali.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia

“…Meanwhile the prevalence of MetS in various region of Indonesia was ranging between 18-34%, accordingly. [3][4][5][6]13 The prevalence of MetS in Yogyakarta Special Region (13.19%) was lower compared to other countries, or event with other region in Indonesia, indicating that people in Yogyakarta Special Region in this study might had lower cardiovascular risk and possibly healthier life style than in other region in Indonesia.…”

“…2 The MetS prevalence in previous studies from other regions of Indonesia are as follows: Bali (18.2%), Bogor (18.7%), Jakarta (28.4%), Makassar (33.9%), and Surabaya (34.0%). [3][4][5][6] However, information of MetS prevalence in Indonesia is incomplete, and most of the previous studies use World Health Organization (WHO) or National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria. No research describing the prevalence of the MetS in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition is ever reported.…”

Peer Review #2 of "Obesity in the Balinese is associated with FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 single nucleotide polymorphisms (v0.1)"

“…A cross-sectional study enrolling 612 participants from five locations (286 female and 326 male) in Bali Province, Indonesia, was conducted in 2008-2015 with written informed consent (Malik et al, 2011;Suastika et al, 2011b;Oktavianthi et al, 2012Oktavianthi et al, , 2018 Manuscript to be reviewed tissue (Swainson et al, 2017). The high BMI (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ) and high WC (male ≥ 90 cm; female ≥ cm) cut offs were according to the Asia-Pacific perspective redefining obesity in adult Asian, while the high WHtR cut off at ≥ 0.5 was based on previous reports (Lee et al, 1995;Hsieh & Yoshinaga, 1995; WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2000).…”

“…Manuscript to be reviewed increase in adiposity (Huntsman, White & Gunung, 2005) and high obesity prevalence in the urban population (Suastika et al, 2011b). The obesity prevalence in Bali was 15.5%, higher than Indonesian obesity prevalence (14.8%) in 2013 (RISKESDAS, 2013).…”

Potential Effects of Alkaloid vindolicine Substances in Tapak Dara Leafs (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) in Reducing Blood Glucose Levels

“…Salah satu dari penyakit tersebut yang banyak diderita oleh lanjut usia yakni DM. [2][3][4] DM merupakan suatu penyakit degeneratif yang sering diderita akibat pola hidup kurang sehat dan faktor genetik. Terdapat dua tipe penyakit diabetes di Indonesia yakni DM tipe 1 dan tipe 2.…”