Prevalence of nasal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in outpatients living with HIV/AIDS in a Referential Hospital of the Northeast of Brazil

Abstract

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of MRSA among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) being monitored in a tertiary outpatient hospital in the state of Pernambuco, in the Brazilian Northeast.ResultsStaphylococcus aureus was isolated from a nasal swab and found in 31.4% of the individuals (95% CI 27.3–35.5), of whom 4.4% (95% CI 8.5–19.5) were MRSA, as confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. For individuals whose S. aureus was recovered, the mean age was 41.5 years; 93.6% were on antiretroviral treatment. This group had CD4 cell counts > 200 (92%) and viral load ≤ 100 copies (79.1%). Use of antimicrobial agents in the past 12 months was found among 21% of the individuals, and 24.2% reported use of illicit drugs at lease once in their lifetime. Prevalence of nasal colonization by MSSA (26.7%) and MRSA (4.4%) was higher in comparison to other studies of this population; nevertheless, we were unable to establish factors associated with risk.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3899-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carriage is a Protective Factor of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization in HIV-Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Among all MRSA isolates, high drug resistance was observed in penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, which is similar to observed studies [ 4 , 26 , 27 ]. In this study, we believe the MRSA and MRCoNS isolates may show differences in all antibiotic resistance.…”

“…As a common cause of severe infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is still widespread in both health facilities and the community [ 1 , 2 ]. Owing to the compromised immune system, HIV-infected patients are more vulnerable to MRSA colonization than other populations [ 3 , 4 ]. Over the past decade, the prevalence of MRSA isolates and the risk factors associated with MRSA colonization among HIV-infected patients has been reported in many countries and regions except mainland China.…”

Risk factors for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuscolonization and infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 31 studies, representing a total of 17 427 patients with HIV infection, were selected for the final meta-analysis. 26–56 The details of the literature search and study selection are summarized in a PRISMA flow diagram (Figure 1).…”

“…The baseline characteristics of the included studies and recruited patients are presented in Table 1. 26–56 Of the 31 included studies, eight had a cohort design, 17 had a cross-sectional design and the remaining six studies had a case–control design. These studies reported a total of 1410 MRSA colonization events and the events of MRSA colonization and infection that occurred in each study ranged from 6 to 252.…”

“…A total of 18 studies reported sex difference as a risk factor for MRSA colonization and infection in patients with HIV infection. 27,32,34,36,38–42,44–49,52,53,56 No significant difference was noted between males and females regarding the risk of MRSA colonization and infection in patients with HIV infection (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.77, 1.07; P = 0.247; Figure 2) and nonsignificant heterogeneity across the included studies was detected ( I 2 = 10.8%; P = 0.326). When the study conducted by Popovich 2013 was excluded, 41 sensitivity analysis suggested men with HIV infection had a lower risk of MRSA colonization and infection than females with HIV infection (Figure 3A).…”