Prevalence of
            <i>Streptococcus suis</i>
            Genotypes in Wild Boars of Northwestern Germany

Baums, Christoph Georg; Verkühlen, Gerd Josef; Rehm, Thomas; Silva, Luciana M. G.; Beyerbach, Martin; Pohlmeyer, K; Valentin‐Weigand, Peter

doi:10.1128/aem.01800-06

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Pigs and wild boars are considered the natural reservoir of Streptococcus suis (Baums et al, 2007;Clifton-Hadley & Alexander, 1980;Higgins & Gottschalk, 2005). Different mucosal surfaces might be colonized by Streptococcus suis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel intranasal mouse model for mucosal colonization by Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Seitz¹,

Beineke²,

Seele³

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Streptococcus suis causes meningitis and various other diseases in pigs and humans. Healthy piglets carrying virulent Streptococcus suis strains on their mucosal surfaces are epidemiologically very important. The objective of this study was to establish an intranasal Streptococcus suis mouse model for invasion and colonization of the respiratory tract. CD1 mice were infected intranasally with a highly virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain under different conditions. Clinical, histological and bacteriological screenings revealed that invasion of host tissue occurred in the majority of mice only after predisposition with 12.5 ml 1 % acetic acid per nostril. Severe fibrinosuppurative or purulent necrotizing pneumonia associated with Streptococcus suis was a common manifestation. Furthermore, a novel model to study nasopharyngeal colonization was established by reducing the volume of 1 % acetic acid per nostril to 5 ml prior to Streptococcus suis application. This model mimics asymptomatic carriage in swine, as all mice carried Streptococcus suis on their respiratory mucosa at 7 days post-infection (p.i.) in moderate to high numbers without the development of pneumonia or any other invasive Streptococcus suis disease. This intranasal Streptococcus suis model was applied to investigate the function of suilysin (SLY) in colonization. Although an isogenic SLY mutant was isolated from the upper respiratory tract at a lower recovery rate than its wild-type parental strain at 14 days p.i., the differences were not significant and did not indicate severe attenuation in colonization. In conclusion, this work describes to the best of our knowledge the first intranasal mouse model to study colonization of the respiratory tract by a highly virulent Streptococcus suis pathotype.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel intranasal mouse model for mucosal colonization by Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Seitz¹,

Beineke²,

Seele³

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…For example, in Australia they destroy crops and pastures, have a negative impact on native fauna and flora, and may eat young livestock (Choquenot et al, 1996). They also are known to act as reservoirs of zoonotic bacteria, and of other pathogens that potentially may be transmitted to pigs in commercial piggeries (Gresham et al, 2002, Baums et al, 2007and Jay et al, 2007. This is especially problematic as feral pigs often range over large distances (Hampton et al, 2004), and they may break through fences to enter piggeries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira pilosicoli in feral pigs

Phillips

Adams

et al. 2009

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…More than 90% of the strains isolated from humans belong to serotype 2 (3)(4)(5), although other serotypes, such as 9 and 7, are epidemiologically also very important in pigs (6). In addition to domesticated pigs, wild boars are an important reservoir for S. suis serotype 2 strains in Germany (7). Accordingly, zoonotic cases have been described in hunters (8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Five Zoonotic Streptococcus suis Strains from Germany, Including One Isolate from a Recent Fatal Case of Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome in a Hunter

et al. 2015

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A Streptococcus suis isolate from a German hunter with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) and four additional zoonotic isolates were genotyped as mrp ؉ epf* (variant 1890) sly ؉ cps2 ؉ . All five zoonotic German strains were characterized by high multiplication in human blood samples ex vivo, but induction of only low levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared to a Chinese STSLS strain. Streptococcus suis is an important porcine and human pathogen causing septicemia, meningitis, and other pathologies (1, 2). More than 90% of the strains isolated from humans belong to serotype 2 (3-5), although other serotypes, such as 9 and 7, are epidemiologically also very important in pigs (6). In addition to domesticated pigs, wild boars are an important reservoir for S. suis serotype 2 strains in Germany (7). Accordingly, zoonotic cases have been described in hunters (8)(9)(10)(11)(12).In August 2005, a zoonotic outbreak of S. suis diseases occurred in China, including at least 37 cases of streptococcal toxic shocklike syndrome (STSLS) (13). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that the Chinese STSLS isolates belong to sequence type (ST) 7 within clonal complex (CC) 1 (14). An 89-kb region designated a pathogenicity island was described as a hallmark of the genome of the Chinese STSLS isolates (15) but was later identified as an integrative conjugative element present also in a similar form in S. suis isolates in Vietnam not associated with STSLS (16).This study was initiated after a fatal case of STSLS in a German hunter. The hunter showed rapid clinical deterioration marked by hypotension (70/50 mm Hg) and multiorgan failure, including severe hepatic and renal impairment despite hospitalization in an intensive care unit. Furthermore, cardiomyopathy and coagulopathy with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets of 14/nl) as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with petechiae were diagnosed (Quick value of 5% and partial thromboplastin time of Ͼ200 s). S. suis (strain BK52339) was isolated in pure culture from this patient's blood sample. The diagnosis of STSLS is in accordance with the clinical criteria defined by others (17).The MLST analysis (18) revealed that the German STSLS isolate BK52339, four additional German zoonotic strains, and 3 of 4 cps2 ϩ S. suis strains from wild boars belonged to ST1 (Table 1). Differentiation of virulence-associated genes using a multiplex (MP)-PCR (19) and a PCR for detection of the 89-kb region demonstrated that BK52339 is an mrp ϩ sly ϩ cps2 ϩ strain lacking the 89-kb region present in the genome of Chinese STSLS strains like O5ZYH33 (results not shown). The European serotype 2 strains causing problems in the pig industry belong mainly to ST1 and carry, in addition to mrp and sly, an epf gene encoding a 110-kDa extracellular factor (EF) (20). The genotypic analysis of the zoonotic German strains also included an epf PCR (19) for determination of specific variants of this highly variable gene (Fig. 1). Interestingly, the STSLS strain BK52339 as well a...

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Prevalence of Streptococcus suis Genotypes in Wild Boars of Northwestern Germany

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

A novel intranasal mouse model for mucosal colonization by Streptococcus suis serotype 2

A novel intranasal mouse model for mucosal colonization by Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Detection of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira pilosicoli in feral pigs

Characterization of Five Zoonotic Streptococcus suis Strains from Germany, Including One Isolate from a Recent Fatal Case of Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome in a Hunter

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