Detection of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira pilosicoli in feral pigs

Phillips, Nyree D.; La, Tom; Adams, Peter J.; Harland, Belinda L.; Fenwick, Stanley G.; Hampson, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.08.006

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Otherwise, detection rates substantiate a wide distribution, especially for L. intracellularis, which is found throughout Germany. The prevalence of L. intracellularis corresponds well with reports from the Czech Republic (Tomanova et al 2002;Dezorzova-Tomanova et al 2006) and Western Australia (Phillips et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Whether this maybe a reason for the restriction of wild boars infected with B. pilosicoli to these areas remains unclear. Prevalence of B. pilosicoli in wild boars was higher than those for domestic pigs (2.5%; Wendt et al 2006) Also, B. pilosicoli was considerably less common in feral pigs from Western Australia (Phillips et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors did not find L. intracellularis DNA in wild boar faeces. A group of 222 feral pigs from Western Australia (Phillips et al 2009) had a prevalence of 18.9%, 8.1%, and 0.45%, respectively for L. intracellularis, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. pilosicoli (faeces or colonic content).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and Brachyspira pilosicoli infection in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany

2010

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Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and Brachyspira pilosicoli are important pathogens in domestic pig production, responsible for porcine intestinal adenomatosis, swine dysentery, and porcine intestinal spirochetosis, respectively. They are widely distributed among pig-producing units around the world, and transmission is accomplished by relatively weak immunity, long shedding intervals, sequential shedding, and actual environmental survival. Little information is available on occurrence, prevalence, and quantity of these pathogens in free-ranging wild boars. The aim of the present study was to evaluate L. intracellularis, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. pilosicoli infections in wild boars in Germany. Tissue samples from ileocaecal mucosa of 165 wild boars from 18 hunting grounds situated in 14 of the 16 federal states of Germany were examined by conventional PCR and quantified by multiplex real-time PCR. None of the wild boars did show any gross pathological signs of enteritis. The overall prevalence for L. intracellularis, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. pilosicoli was 20.6%, 2.4%, and 12.1%, respectively. None of the three agents was detected in 68.5% of the wild boars and in 11.1% of the hunting grounds. Numbers of bacteria per sample were below the limit of quantification (100 cells/PCR reaction). This is the first study on L. intracellularis and Brachyspira spp. in free-ranging wild boars. The study revealed colonised animals without signs of disease. The meaning of these findings remains unclear, and we do not know whether and to what extent these three pathogens are exchanged between wild boars and domestic pigs. Further research is needed to get insight into the epidemiological impact of the results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and Brachyspira pilosicoli infection in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany

2010

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“…E. coli tetracycline-resistant strains can carry tet(A) or tet(B) (11), and both genes were detected in CTC-resistant E. coli from organic swine. At least one genus, Lawsonia, assigned to the Desulfovibrionales carries tet(W), and Lawsonia has been detected in feral swine feces (11,15). CTC resistance genes, to our knowledge, have not been reported for taxa assigned to the Coriobacteriaceae and Fusobacteriaceae (11).…”

Section: In Pcr Assays Targeting Classes Tet(a) To Tet(e) Tet(g) Tementioning

confidence: 86%

Chlortetracycline-Resistant Intestinal Bacteria in Organically Raised and Feral Swine

Stanton

Humphrey

Stoffregen

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Biosecurity is a concern for outdoor piggeries [5] due to the risk of contamination of herds through increased exposure to wildlife, especially feral pigs ( Sus scrofa ), e.g., [6,7,8]. Another major issue is around the predation of piglets [9], although there is a paucity of published data that identifies the extent of piglet losses for commercial outdoor farms [4,10,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation by Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) at an Outdoor Piggery

Fleming,

Dundas,

Lau

et al. 2016

Animals

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Simple SummaryPredation of piglets by red foxes is a significant risk for outdoor/free-range pork producers, but is often difficult to quantify. Using remote sensing cameras, we recorded substantial evidence of red foxes taking piglets from around farrowing huts, and found that piglets were most likely to be recorded as “missing” over their first week. These data suggest that fox predation contributed to the marked production differences between this outdoor farm and a similar-sized intensive farm under the same management, and warrant greater control of this introduced, invasive predator.AbstractOutdoor pig operations are an alternative to intensive systems of raising pigs; however for the majority of outdoor pork producers, issues of biosecurity and predation control require significant management and (or) capital investment. Identifying and quantifying predation risk in outdoor pork operations has rarely been done, but such data would be informative for these producers as part of their financial and logistical planning. We quantified potential impact of fox predation on piglets bred on an outdoor pork operation in south-western Australia. We used remote sensor cameras at select sites across the farm as well as above farrowing huts to record interactions between predators and pigs (sows and piglets). We also identified animal losses from breeding records, calculating weaning rate as a proportion of piglets born. Although only few piglets were recorded lost to fox predation (recorded by piggery staff as carcasses that are “chewed”), it is likely that foxes were contributing substantially to the 20% of piglets that were reported “missing”. Both sets of cameras recorded a high incidence of fox activity; foxes appeared on camera soon after staff left for the day, were observed tracking and taking live piglets (despite the presence of sows), and removed dead carcasses from in front of the cameras. Newly born and younger piglets appeared to be the most vulnerable, especially when they are born out in the paddock, but older piglets were also lost. A significant (p = 0.001) effect of individual sow identification on the weaning rate, but no effect of sow age (parity), suggests that individual sow behavior towards predators influences predation risk for litters. We tracked the movement of piglet carcasses by foxes, and confirmed that foxes make use of patches of native vegetation for cover, although there was no effect of paddock, distance to vegetation, or position on the farm on weaning rate. Trials with non-toxic baits reveal high levels of non-target bait interference. Other management options are recommended, including removing hay from the paddocks to reduce the risks of sows farrowing in open paddocks, and covering or predator-proof fencing the pig carcass pit. Results of this study will have increasing relevance for the expanding outdoor/free-range pork industry, contributing to best practice guidelines for predator control.

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Detection of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira pilosicoli in feral pigs

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and Brachyspira pilosicoli infection in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany

Prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and Brachyspira pilosicoli infection in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany

Chlortetracycline-Resistant Intestinal Bacteria in Organically Raised and Feral Swine

Predation by Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) at an Outdoor Piggery

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